Diabetes, Vol 25, Issue 7 554-560, Copyright © 1976 by American Diabetes Association
Retinopathy in Pima Indians. Relationships to glucose level, duration of diabetes, age at diagnosis of diabetes, and age at examination in a population with a high prevalence of diabetes mellitus
A Dorf, EJ Ballintine, PH Bennett and M Miller
The occurrence of retinopathy and its relationship to diabetes in 1,640
Pima Indians age 15 and over has been determined. Eighteen per cent of
those with two-hour postload plasma glucose levels of equal to or greater
than 200 mg./dl. had some evidence of retinopathy. Of those with
retinopathy and diabetes, 7 per cent were found to have proliferative or
neovascular changes, the remainder having microaneurysms and/or exudates.
The frequency of retinopathy increased from 3 per cent among newly
diagnosed diabetics to 47 per cent among those with diabetes of 10 or more
years duration. No relationship was found with sex, age at diagnosis of
diabetes, or age at time of examination when duration of diabetes was taken
into account. The occurrence of retinopathy was confined largely to those
who fell into the second or hyperglycemic component of the frequency
distribution of plasma glucose levels in the population, indicating the
significance of the bimodal glucose tolerance frequency distribution.