Diabetes, Vol 34, Issue 12 1306-1308, Copyright © 1985 by American Diabetes Association
Increase in remission rate in newly diagnosed type I diabetic subjects treated with azathioprine
LC Harrison, PG Colman, B Dean, R Baxter and FI Martin
Azathioprine (2 mg/kg) was given, in addition to routine insulin treatment,
to alternate patients presenting with recent-onset type I diabetes. Treated
(N = 13) and untreated (N = 11) patients did not differ significantly at
diagnosis with respect to age, duration of symptoms, body weight, blood
glucose, hemoglobin A1c, or presence of ketosis. Eight patients were
treated for 12 mo, three elected to stop treatment at 6 mo, and treatment
was stopped in two because of side effects. Seven treated patients had a
remission compared with one untreated patient. At 12 mo these seven
patients were distinguished by significantly higher basal and
glucagon-stimulated levels of C-peptide (1.98 +/- 0.52 and 3.88 +/- 0.34
micrograms/L, respectively) compared with the other six treated patients
(0.93 +/- 0.52 and 1.32 +/- 0.85 microgram/L, respectively), and by the
persistence of islet cell cytoplasmic antibodies. Remissions were not
sustained in the 1-2 yr after treatment, although relapsed patients
required less insulin for control. These results corroborate those from
nonrandomized trials using cyclosporine and suggest that protracted
treatment with nonspecific immunosuppressive drugs may be necessary to
avert insulin dependence.