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Diabetes, Vol 37, Issue 8 1020-1024, Copyright © 1988 by American Diabetes Association
Measurement of plasma glucose, free fatty acid, lactate, and insulin for 24 h in patients with NIDDM
GM Reaven, C Hollenbeck, CY Jeng, MS Wu and YD Chen
Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, California.
Fasting and postprandial plasma glucose, free fatty acid (FFA), lactate,
and insulin concentrations were measured at hourly intervals for 24 h in 27
nonobese individuals-9 with normal glucose tolerance, 9 with mild
non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM, fasting plasma glucose less
than 175 mg/dl), and 9 with severe NIDDM (fasting plasma glucose greater
than 250 mg/dl). In addition, hepatic glucose production (HGP) was measured
from midnight to 0800 in normal individuals and patients with severe NIDDM.
Plasma glucose concentration was highest in patients with severe NIDDM,
lowest in those with normal glucose tolerance, and intermediate in those
with mild NIDDM (two-way ANOVA, P less than .001). Variations in plasma FFA
and lactate levels of the three groups were qualitatively similar, with
lowest concentrations seen in normal individuals, intermediate levels in
the group with mild NIDDM, and the highest concentration in those with
severe NIDDM (two-way ANOVA, P less than .001). Of particular interest was
the observation that plasma FFA concentrations were dramatically elevated
from midnight to 0800 in patients with severe NIDDM. The 24-h insulin
response was significantly increased in patients with mild NIDDM, with
comparable values seen in the other two groups. Values for HGP fell
progressively throughout the night in normal individuals and patients with
severe NIDDM, despite a concomitant decline in plasma glucose and insulin
levels. Although the magnitude of the fall in HGP was greater in NIDDM, the
absolute value was significantly (P less than .001) greater than normal
throughout the period of observation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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