Diabetes, Vol 38, Issue 12 1508-1511, Copyright © 1989 by American Diabetes Association
Banting lecture 1989. Structure and function of insulin receptors
OM Rosen
Program in Molecular Biology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.
The actions of insulin are mediated by an integral plasma membrane protein,
the insulin receptor. The processed receptor is a tetramer composed of two
alpha-subunits that bind insulin and two beta-subunits that traverse the
plasma membrane and are, in their cytosolic domains, protein tyrosine
kinases. The insulin proreceptor cDNA has been cloned and its complete
amino acid sequence deduced. The availability of cDNA permitted an analysis
of both the role of protein tyrosine kinase activity in insulin action and
the autophosphorylation sites that regulate kinase activity. The human cDNA
probe has also been used to identify a putative Drosophila insulin
receptor. This work is reviewed, and approaches that may be used to
identify physiological substrates for the receptor kinase are suggested.