Diabetes, Vol 39, Issue 7 775-781, Copyright © 1990 by American Diabetes Association

ARTICLES

Metabolic effects of reducing rate of glucose ingestion by single bolus versus continuous sipping

DJ Jenkins, TM Wolever, AM Ocana, V Vuksan, SC Cunnane, M Jenkins, GS Wong, W Singer, SR Bloom, LM Blendis and al. et
Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

Modifying the rate of absorption has been proposed as a therapeutic principle of specific relevance to diabetes. To demonstrate clearly the metabolic benefits that might result from reducing the rate of nutrient delivery, nine healthy volunteers took 50 g glucose in 700 ml water on two occasions: over 5-10 min (bolus) and at a constant rate over 3.5 h (sipping). Despite similar 4-h blood glucose areas, large reductions were seen in serum insulin (54 +/- 10%, P less than 0.001) and C-peptide (47 +/- 12%, P less than 0.01) areas after sipping, together with lower gastric inhibitory polypeptide and enteroglucagon levels and urinary catecholamine output. There was also prolonged suppression of plasma glucagon, growth hormone, and free-fatty acid (FFA) levels after sipping, whereas these levels rose 3-4 h after the glucose bolus. An intravenous glucose tolerance test at 4 h demonstrated a 48 +/- 10% (P less than 0.01) more rapid decline in blood glucose (Kg) after sipping than after the bolus. Furthermore, FFA and total branched-chain amino acid levels as additional markers of insulin action were lower over this period despite similar absolute levels of insulin and C-peptide. These findings indicate that prolonging the rate of glucose absorption enhances insulin economy and glucose disposal.
CiteULike    Del.icio.us    Digg    Reddit    Technorati    What's this?

This article has been cited by other articles:

				J. M. W. Wong and D. J. A. Jenkins Carbohydrate Digestibility and Metabolic Effects J. Nutr., November 1, 2007; 137(11): 2539S - 2546S. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				F. Brighenti, L. Benini, D. Del Rio, C. Casiraghi, N. Pellegrini, F. Scazzina, D. J. Jenkins, and I. Vantini Colonic fermentation of indigestible carbohydrates contributes to the second-meal effect. Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, April 1, 2006; 83(4): 817 - 822. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				R. C.G. Alfenas and R. D. Mattes Influence of Glycemic Index/Load on Glycemic Response, Appetite, and Food Intake in Healthy Humans: Response to Ludwig and Roberts and to Wolever and Brand-Miller Diabetes Care, February 1, 2006; 29(2): 475 - 476. [Full Text] [PDF]

				T. M.S. Wolever, J. E. Campbell, D. Geleva, and G. H. Anderson High-Fiber Cereal Reduces Postprandial Insulin Responses in Hyperinsulinemic but not Normoinsulinemic Subjects Diabetes Care, June 1, 2004; 27(6): 1281 - 1285. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. J. Jenkins, C. W. Kendall, L. S. Augustin, S. Franceschi, M. Hamidi, A. Marchie, A. L Jenkins, and M. Axelsen Glycemic index: overview of implications in health and disease Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, July 1, 2002; 76(1): 266S - 273. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				W. Willett, J. Manson, and S. Liu Glycemic index, glycemic load, and risk of type 2 diabetes Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, July 1, 2002; 76(1): 274S - 280. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				B. W. Wolf, P. M. Humphrey, C. W. Hadley, K. S. Maharry, K. A. Garleb, and J. L. Firkins Supplemental Fructose Attenuates Postprandial Glycemia in Zucker Fatty fa/fa Rats J. Nutr., June 1, 2002; 132(6): 1219 - 1223. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. S. Ludwig The Glycemic Index: Physiological Mechanisms Relating to Obesity, Diabetes, and Cardiovascular Disease JAMA, May 8, 2002; 287(18): 2414 - 2423. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				H. G. Liljeberg, A. K. Akerberg, and I. M. Bjorck Effect of the glycemic index and content of indigestible carbohydrates of cereal-based breakfast meals on glucose tolerance at lunch in healthy subjects Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, April 1, 1999; 69(4): 647 - 655. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				K. L. Jones Non-Insulin Dependent Diabetes in Children and Adolescents: The Therapeutic Challenge Clinical Pediatrics, February 1, 1998; 37(2): 103 - 110. [Abstract] [PDF]