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Diabetes, Vol 40, Issue 11 1397-1403, Copyright © 1991 by American Diabetes Association
Development of muscle insulin resistance after liver insulin resistance in high-fat-fed rats
EW Kraegen, PW Clark, AB Jenkins, EA Daley, DJ Chisholm and LH Storlien
Garvan Institute of Medical Research, St. Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Muscle and hepatic insulin resistance are two major defects of
non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Dietary factors may be important
in the etiology of insulin resistance. We studied progressive changes in
the development of high-fat-diet-induced insulin resistance in tissues of
the adult male Wistar rat. In vivo insulin action was compared 3 days and 3
wk after isocaloric synthetic high-fat or high-starch feeding (59 and 10%
cal as fat, respectively). Basal and insulin-stimulated glucose metabolism
were assessed in the conscious 5- to 7-h fasted state with the euglycemic
clamp (600 pM insulin) with a [3-3H]-glucose infusion. Fat feeding
significantly reduced suppressibility of hepatic glucose output by insulin
after both 3 days and 3 wk of diet (P less than 0.01). However, a
significant impairment of insulin-mediated peripheral glucose disposal was
only present after 3 wk of diet. Further in vivo [3H]-2-deoxyglucose uptake
studies supported this finding and demonstrated adipose but not muscle
insulin resistance after 3 days of high-fat feeding. Muscle triglyceride
accumulation due to fat feeding was not significant at 3 days but had
doubled by 3 wk in red muscle (P less than 0.001) compared with starch-fed
controls. By 3 wk, high-fat-fed animals had developed significant glucose
intolerance. We conclude that fat feeding induces insulin resistance in
liver and adipose tissue before skeletal muscle with early metabolic
changes favoring an oversupply of energy substrate to skeletal muscle
relative to metabolic needs. This may generate later muscle insulin
resistance.

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