Diabetes, Vol 41, Issue 4 484-492, Copyright © 1992 by American Diabetes Association

ARTICLES

Genetic and environmental determinants of type II diabetes in Mexico City and San Antonio

MP Stern, C Gonzalez, BD Mitchell, E Villalpando, SM Haffner and HP Hazuda
Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio 78284.

To study genetic and environmental determinants of non-insulin-dependent (type II) diabetes, we compared a random sample of 35- to 64-yr-old Mexican-American men and women living in several low-income barrio neighborhoods of San Antonio to similarly aged Mexicans living in a low-income colonia of Mexico City (Colonia Liberales). A total of 1138 Mexican Americans, representing 64.3% of the original sample, and 646 Mexicans, representing 69.2% of the original sample, participated in the survey. Diabetes was diagnosed using World Health Organization criteria. Genetic susceptibility to type II diabetes was inferred from the percentage of Native American genetic admixture as estimated from skin reflectance measurements. The prevalence of diabetes was 36% higher among San Antonio Mexican Americans than among Mexicans in Mexico City; this difference was highly statistically significant (age- and sex-adjusted prevalence ratio 1.36, P = 0.006). This excess was observed despite the fact that genetic susceptibility, as inferred from the admixture estimates, was similar in the two cities. On the other hand, Mexicans were somewhat leaner as measured by body mass index and skin folds. Mexican women consumed fewer total calories than Mexican-American women, but there was no difference in the caloric intake of men. Mexico City residents ate less fat (18-19% of total calories vs. 31-32% in San Antonio, P less than 0.001), more carbohydrate (64-65 vs. 49%, P less than 0.001), and performed more physical activity than San Antonio Mexican Americans. Mexicans appeared to consume more refined sugar than Mexican Americans.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
CiteULike    Del.icio.us    Digg    Reddit    Technorati    What's this?

This article has been cited by other articles:

				L. O. Schulz, P. H. Bennett, E. Ravussin, J. R. Kidd, K. K. Kidd, J. Esparza, and M. E. Valencia Effects of Traditional and Western Environments on Prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes in Pima Indians in Mexico and the U.S. Diabetes Care, August 1, 2006; 29(8): 1866 - 1871. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. Lorenzo, M. Serrano-Rios, M. T. Martinez-Larrad, J. L. Gonzalez-Sanchez, S. Seclen, A. Villena, C. Gonzalez-Villalpando, K. Williams, and S. M. Haffner Geographic Variations of the International Diabetes Federation and the National Cholesterol Education Program-Adult Treatment Panel III Definitions of the Metabolic Syndrome in Nondiabetic Subjects. Diabetes Care, March 1, 2006; 29(3): 685 - 691. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. Lorenzo, K. Williams, C. Gonzalez-Villalpando, and S. M. Haffner The Prevalence of the Metabolic Syndrome Did Not Increase in Mexico City Between 1990-1992 and 1997-1999 Despite More Central Obesity Diabetes Care, October 1, 2005; 28(10): 2480 - 2485. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. Nannipieri, C. Gonzales, S. Baldi, R. Posadas, K. Williams, S. M. Haffner, M. P. Stern, and E. Ferrannini Liver Enzymes, the Metabolic Syndrome, and Incident Diabetes: The Mexico City Diabetes Study Diabetes Care, July 1, 2005; 28(7): 1757 - 1762. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				L. L Kaiser, M. S Townsend, H. R Melgar-Quinonez, M. L Fujii, and P. B Crawford Choice of instrument influences relations between food insecurity and obesity in Latino women Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, November 1, 2004; 80(5): 1372 - 1378. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A.-H. Harding, N. E. Day, K.-T. Khaw, S. Bingham, R. Luben, A. Welsh, and N. J. Wareham Dietary Fat and the Risk of Clinical Type 2 Diabetes: The European Prospective Investigation of Cancer-Norfolk Study Am. J. Epidemiol., January 1, 2004; 159(1): 73 - 82. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				E. Ferrannini, M. Nannipieri, K. Williams, C. Gonzales, S. M. Haffner, and M. P. Stern Mode of Onset of Type 2 Diabetes from Normal or Impaired Glucose Tolerance Diabetes, January 1, 2004; 53(1): 160 - 165. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. J.G. Hanley, K. Williams, C. Gonzalez, R. B. D'Agostino Jr, L. E. Wagenknecht, M. P. Stern, and S. M. Haffner Prediction of Type 2 Diabetes Using Simple Measures of Insulin Resistance: Combined Results From the San Antonio Heart Study, the Mexico City Diabetes Study, and the Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study Diabetes, February 1, 2003; 52(2): 463 - 469. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				K. J. Hunt, K. Williams, R. G. Resendez, H. P. Hazuda, S. M. Haffner, and M. P. Stern All-Cause and Cardiovascular Mortality Among Diabetic Participants in the San Antonio Heart Study: Evidence against the "Hispanic Paradox" Diabetes Care, September 1, 2002; 25(9): 1557 - 1563. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				E. M. Heath and K. J. Coleman Evaluation of the Institutionalization of the Coordinated Approach to Child Health (CATCH) in a U.S./Mexico Border Community Health Educ Behav, August 1, 2002; 29(4): 444 - 460. [Abstract] [PDF]

				C. Lorenzo, M. Serrano-Rios, M. T. Martinez-Larrad, R. Gabriel, K. Williams, C. Gonzalez-Villalpando, M. P. Stern, H. P. Hazuda, and S. Haffner Prevalence of Hypertension in Hispanic and non-Hispanic White Populations Hypertension, February 1, 2002; 39(2): 203 - 208. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. Lorenzo, M. Serrano-Rios, M. T. Martinez-Larrad, R. Gabriel, K. Williams, C. Gonzalez-Villalpando, M. P. Stern, H. P. Hazuda, and S. M. Haffner Was the Historic Contribution of Spain to the Mexican Gene Pool Partially Responsible for the Higher Prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes in Mexican-Origin Populations?: The Spanish Insulin Resistance Study Group, the San Antonio Heart Study, and the Mexico City Diabetes Study Diabetes Care, December 1, 2001; 24(12): 2059 - 2064. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A.-H. Harding, L. A. Sargeant, A. Welch, S. Oakes, R. N. Luben, S. Bingham, N. E. Day, K.-T. Khaw, and N. J. Wareham Fat Consumption and HbA1c Levels: The EPIC-Norfolk Study Diabetes Care, November 1, 2001; 24(11): 1911 - 1916. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. P. Burke, K. Williams, S. M. Haffner, C. G. Villalpando, and M. P. Stern Elevated Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes in San Antonio, Texas, Compared With That of Mexico City, Mexico Diabetes Care, September 1, 2001; 24(9): 1573 - 1578. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. A. Aguilar-Salinas, G. Olaiz, V. Valles, J. M. R. Torres, F. J. G. Perez, J. A. Rull, R. Rojas, A. Franco, and J. Sepulveda High prevalence of low HDL cholesterol concentrations and mixed hyperlipidemia in a Mexican nationwide survey J. Lipid Res., August 1, 2001; 42(8): 1298 - 1307. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. K. West, R. Klein, J. Rodriguez, B. Munoz, A. T. Broman, R. Sanchez, and R. Snyder Diabetes and Diabetic Retinopathy in a Mexican-American Population: Proyecto VER Diabetes Care, July 1, 2001; 24(7): 1204 - 1209. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				F. Aloozer Secondary Analysis of Perceptions and Meanings of Type 2 Diabetes Among Mexican American Women The Diabetes Educator, September 1, 2000; 26(5): 785 - 795. [Abstract] [PDF]

				R. A. DeFronzo Pharmacologic Therapy for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Ann Intern Med, August 17, 1999; 131(4): 281 - 303. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				T. Ranheim, C. Dumke, K. L. Schueler, G. D. Cartee, and A. D. Attie Interaction Between BTBR and C57BL/6J Genomes Produces an Insulin Resistance Syndrome in (BTBR x C57BL/6J) F1 Mice Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., November 1, 1997; 17(11): 3286 - 3293. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				M. Wei, C. Gonzalez, S. M. Haffner, D. H. O'Leary, and M. P. Stern Ultrasonographically Assessed Maximum Carotid Artery Wall Thickness in Mexico City Residents and Mexican Americans Living in San Antonio, Texas: Association With Diabetes and Cardiovascular Risk Factors Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., November 1, 1996; 16(11): 1388 - 1392. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				S. M. Haffner, C. Gonzalez, H. Miettinen, B. V. Howard, and M. P. Stern LDL Size and Subclass Pattern in Mexico City Residents and San Antonio Mexican Americans Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., December 1, 1995; 15(12): 2136 - 2141. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				C. Gardner, M. A. Winkleby, and F. E. Viteri Dietary Intake Patterns and Acculturation Levels of Hispanic Immigrant Men: A Pilot Study Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences, August 1, 1995; 17(3): 347 - 361. [Abstract]

				B. D. Mitchell, C. G. Villalpando, B. A. Perez, M. S. Garcia, R. Valdez, and M. P. Stern Myocardial Infarction and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Mexico City and San Antonio, Texas Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., June 1, 1995; 15(6): 721 - 725. [Abstract] [Full Text]