Diabetes, Vol 44, Issue 1 11-15, Copyright © 1995 by American Diabetes Association

ARTICLES

Retinopathy, glucose, and insulin in an elderly population. The Rotterdam Study

RP Stolk, JR Vingerling, PT de Jong, I Dielemans, A Hofman, SW Lamberts, HA Pols and DE Grobbee
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Erasmus University Medical School, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.

We studied the association between retinopathy and glucose metabolism in a population-based study of elderly men and women. Glucose metabolism was assessed by serum fructosamine and a nonfasting oral glucose tolerance test, and retinopathy was evaluated by fundus photography. Retinopathy was present in 296 of 6,191 subjects examined (4.8%; 120 men and 176 women). Serum glucose and fructosamine levels were higher in subjects with retinopathy compared with those without (8.4 vs. 6.8 mmol/l and 329.8 vs. 308.5 mumol/l, respectively, P < 0.001). Two-hour postload insulin levels and insulin resistance, assessed by the ratio of postload insulin over postload glucose level, did not differ between the two groups. These associations were similar in men and women and in subjects with and without diabetes and did not change after adjustment for body mass index or systolic blood pressure. Within the group of subjects who had retinopathy, serum glucose was significantly associated with the number of hemorrhages. These findings suggest that the presence and severity of retinopathy are associated with higher serum glucose levels, both in subjects with and without diabetes.
CiteULike    Del.icio.us    Digg    Reddit    Technorati    What's this?

This article has been cited by other articles:

				T. T. Nguyen, J. J. Wang, and T. Y. Wong Retinal Vascular Changes in Pre-Diabetes and Prehypertension: New findings and their research and clinical implications Diabetes Care, October 1, 2007; 30(10): 2708 - 2715. [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. R. Chao, M.-Y. Lai, S. P. Azen, R. Klein, R. Varma, and the Los Angeles Latino Eye Study Group Retinopathy in Persons without Diabetes: The Los Angeles Latino Eye Study Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., September 1, 2007; 48(9): 4019 - 4025. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. C. Leske, S.-Y. Wu, A. Hennis, B. Nemesure, A. P. Schachat, L. Hyman, L. Yang, and for the Barbados Eye Study Group Nine-year incidence of diabetic retinopathy in the barbados eye studies. Arch Ophthalmol, February 1, 2006; 124(2): 250 - 255. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A Grosso, F Veglio, M Porta, F M Grignolo, and T Y Wong Hypertensive retinopathy revisited: some answers, more questions Br. J. Ophthalmol., December 1, 2005; 89(12): 1646 - 1654. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				U H M Spandau, G Sauder, U Schubert, H-P Hammes, and J B Jonas Effect of triamcinolone acetonide on proliferation of retinal endothelial cells in vitro and in vivo Br. J. Ophthalmol., June 1, 2005; 89(6): 745 - 747. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				T. Y. Wong and P. Mitchell Hypertensive Retinopathy N. Engl. J. Med., November 25, 2004; 351(22): 2310 - 2317. [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. Venkatramani and P. Mitchell Ocular and systemic causes of retinopathy in patients without diabetes mellitus BMJ, March 13, 2004; 328(7440): 625 - 629. [Full Text] [PDF]

				T. Y. Wong Cerebral White Matter Lesions, Retinopathy, and Stroke Stroke, November 1, 2003; 34 (11): e212 - e212. [Full Text] [PDF]

				R. J. Tapp, J. E. Shaw, C. A. Harper, M. P. de Courten, B. Balkau, D. J. McCarty, H. R. Taylor, T. A. Welborn, and P. Z. Zimmet The Prevalence of and Factors Associated With Diabetic Retinopathy in the Australian Population Diabetes Care, June 1, 2003; 26(6): 1731 - 1737. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				V Narendran, R K John, A Raghuram, R D Ravindran, P K Nirmalan, and R D Thulasiraj Diabetic retinopathy among self reported diabetics in southern India: a population based assessment Br. J. Ophthalmol., September 1, 2002; 86(9): 1014 - 1018. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. S. Attele, Y.-P. Zhou, J.-T. Xie, J. A. Wu, L. Zhang, L. Dey, W. Pugh, P. A. Rue, K. S. Polonsky, and C.-S. Yuan Antidiabetic Effects of Panax ginseng Berry Extract and the Identification of an Effective Component Diabetes, June 1, 2002; 51(6): 1851 - 1858. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. K. West, R. Klein, J. Rodriguez, B. Munoz, A. T. Broman, R. Sanchez, and R. Snyder Diabetes and Diabetic Retinopathy in a Mexican-American Population: Proyecto VER Diabetes Care, July 1, 2001; 24(7): 1204 - 1209. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				E. K. Hoogeveen, P. J. Kostense, P. E. D. Eysink, B. C. P. Polak, P. J. Beks, C. Jakobs, J. M. Dekker, G. Nijpels, R. J. Heine, L. M. Bouter, et al. Hyperhomocysteinemia Is Associated With the Presence of Retinopathy in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: The Hoorn Study Arch Intern Med, October 23, 2000; 160(19): 2984 - 2990. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				R. McKay, C. A McCarty, and H. R Taylor Diabetic retinopathy in Victoria, Australia: the Visual Impairment Project Br. J. Ophthalmol., August 1, 2000; 84(8): 865 - 870. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				L. Dandona, R. Dandona, T. J Naduvilath, C. A McCarty, and G. N Rao Population based assessment of diabetic retinopathy in an urban population in southern India Br. J. Ophthalmol., August 1, 1999; 83(8): 937 - 940. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				C. C. W. Klaver, R. C. W. Wolfs, J. R. Vingerling, A. Hofman, and P. T. V. M. de Jong Age-Specific Prevalence and Causes of Blindness and Visual Impairment in an Older Population: The Rotterdam Study Arch Ophthalmol, May 1, 1998; 116(5): 653 - 658. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				B. Gaster and I. B. Hirsch The Effects of Improved Glycemic Control on Complications in Type 2 Diabetes Arch Intern Med, January 26, 1998; 158(2): 134 - 140. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				T. Yu, P. Mitchell, G. Berry, W. Li, and J. J. Wang Retinopathy in Older Persons Without Diabetes and Its Relationship to Hypertension Arch Ophthalmol, January 1, 1998; 116(1): 83 - 89. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				H. Hirvela and L. Laatikainen Diabetic retinopathy in people aged 70 years or older. The Oulu Eye Study Br. J. Ophthalmol., March 1, 1997; 81(3): 214 - 217. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]