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Diabetes, Vol 45, Issue 12 1661-1669, Copyright © 1996 by American Diabetes Association
Thiazolidinediones in the treatment of insulin resistance and type II diabetes
AR Saltiel and JM Olefsky
Department of Signal Transduction, Parke-Davis Pharmaceutical Research Division, Warner Lambert, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
Insulin resistance, characterized by reduced responsiveness to normal
circulating concentrations of insulin, is a common feature of almost all
patients with type II diabetes. The presumed central roles of both
peripheral and hepatic insulin resistance suggest that the enhancement of
insulin action might be an effective pharmacological approach to diabetes.
Thiazolidinediones are a new class of orally active drugs that are designed
to enhance the actions of insulin. These agents reduce insulin resistance
by increasing insulin-dependent glucose disposal and reducing hepatic
glucose output. Clinical studies in patients with type II diabetes, as well
as other syndromes characterized by insulin resistance, have demonstrated
that thiazolidinediones may represent a safe and effective new treatment.
Although the precise mechanism of action of these drugs remains unknown,
transcriptional changes are observed in tissue culture cells that produce
enhanced insulin action. This regulation of gene expression appears to be
mediated by the interactions of thiazolidinediones with a family of nuclear
receptors known as the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs).
The further elucidation of the molecular actions of these drugs may reveal
much about the underlying mechanisms of insulin resistance.

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