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Diabetes, Vol 45, Issue 5 699-701, Copyright © 1996 by American Diabetes Association
Acute and chronic effects of insulin on leptin production in humans: Studies in vivo and in vitro
JW Kolaczynski, MR Nyce, RV Considine, G Boden, JJ Nolan, R Henry, SR Mudaliar, J Olefsky and JF Caro
Department of Medicine, Jefferson Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Phildelphia, PA 19107, USA.
This study was undertaken to investigate the changes in obesity (OB) gene
expression and production of leptin in response to insulin in vitro and in
vivo under euglycemic and hyperglycemic conditions in humans. Three
protocols were used: 1) euglycemic clamp with insulin infusion rates at 40,
120, 300, and 1,200 mU / m / min carried out for up to 5 h performed in 16
normal lean individuals, 30 obese individuals, and 31 patients with NIDDM;
2) 64-to 72-h hyperglycemic (glucose 12.6 mmol/l) clamp performed on 5 lean
individuals; 3) long-term (96-h) primary culture of isolated abdominal
adipocytes in the presence and absence of 100 nmol/l insulin. Short-term
hyperinsulinemia in the range of 80 to > 10,000 microU/ml had no effect
on circulating levels of leptin. During the prolonged hyperglycemic clamp,
a rise in leptin was observed during the last 24 h of the study (P <
0.001). In the presence of insulin in vitro, OB gene expression increased
at 72 h (P < 0.01), followed by an increase in leptin released to the
medium (P < 0.001). In summary, insulin does not stimulate leptin
production acutely; however, a long-term effect of insulin on leptin
production could be demonstrated both in vivo and in vitro. These data
suggest that insulin regulates OB gene expression and leptin production
indirectly, probably through its trophic effect on adipocytes.

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