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Diabetes, Vol 46, Issue 4 701-710, Copyright © 1997 by American Diabetes Association
Predictors of progression from impaired glucose tolerance to NIDDM: an analysis of six prospective studies
SL Edelstein, WC Knowler, RP Bain, R Andres, EL Barrett-Connor, GK Dowse, SM Haffner, DJ Pettitt, JD Sorkin, DC Muller, VR Collins and RF Hamman
George Washington University Biostatistics Center, Rockville, Maryland 20852, USA. sharone@biostat.bsc.gwu.edu
Risk factors associated with the progression from impaired glucose
tolerance (IGT) to NIDDM were examined in data from six prospective
studies. IGT and NIDDM were defined in all studies by World Health
Organization (WHO) criteria, and baseline risk factors were measured at the
time of first recognition of IGT. The studies varied in size from 177 to
693 participants with IGT, and included men and women followed from 2 to 27
years after the recognition of IGT. Across the six studies, the incidence
rate of NIDDM was 57.2/1,000 person-years and ranged from 35.8/1,000 to
87.3/1,000 person-years. Although baseline measures of fasting and 2-h
postchallenge glucose levels were both positively associated with NIDDM
incidence, incidence rates were sharply higher for those in the top
quartile of fasting plasma glucose levels, but increased linearly with
increasing 2-h postchallenge glucose quartiles. Incidence rates were higher
among the Hispanic, Mexican-American, Pima, and Nauruan populations than
among Caucasians. The effect of baseline age on NIDDM incidence rates
differed among the studies; the rates did not increase or rose only
slightly with increasing baseline age in three of the studies and formed an
inverted U in three studies. In all studies, estimates of obesity
(including BMI, waist-to-hip ratio, and waist circumference) were
positively associated with NIDDM incidence. BMI was associated with NIDDM
incidence independently of fasting and 2-h post challenge glucose levels in
the combined analysis of all six studies and in three cohorts separately,
but not in the three studies with the highest NIDDM incidence rates. Sex
and family history of diabetes were generally not related to NIDDM
progression. This analysis indicates that persons with IGT are at high risk
and that further refinement of risk can be made by other simple
measurements. The ability to identify persons at high risk of NIDDM should
facilitate clinical trials in diabetes prevention.

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