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Diabetes, Vol 46, Issue 6 1087-1093, Copyright © 1997 by American Diabetes Association
Leptin suppression of insulin secretion by the activation of ATP-sensitive K+ channels in pancreatic beta-cells
TJ Kieffer, RS Heller, CA Leech, GG Holz and JF Habener
Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston 02114, USA.
In the genetic mutant mouse models ob/ob or db/db, leptin deficiency or
resistance, respectively, results in severe obesity and the development of
a syndrome resembling NIDDM. One of the earliest manifestations in these
mutant mice is hyperinsulinemia, suggesting that leptin may normally
directly suppress the secretion of insulin. Here, we show that pancreatic
islets express a long (signal-transducing) form of leptin-receptor mRNA and
that beta-cells bind a fluorescent derivative of leptin (Cy3-leptin). The
expression of leptin receptors on insulin-secreting beta-cells was also
visualized utilizing antisera generated against an extracellular epitope of
the receptor. A functional role for the beta-cell leptin receptor is
indicated by our observation that leptin (100 ng/ml) suppressed the
secretion of insulin from islets isolated from ob/ob mice. Furthermore,
leptin produced a marked lowering of [Ca2+]i in ob/ob beta-cells, which was
accompanied by cellular hyperpolarization and increased membrane
conductance. Cell-attached patch measurements of ob/ob beta-cells
demonstrated that leptin activated ATP-sensitive potassium channels
(K(ATP)) by increasing the open channel probability, while exerting no
effect on mean open time. These effects were reversed by the sulfonylurea
tolbutamide, a specific inhibitor of K(ATP). Taken together, these
observations indicate an important physiological role for leptin as an
inhibitor of insulin secretion and lead us to propose that the failure of
leptin to inhibit insulin secretion from the beta-cells of ob/ob and db/db
mice may explain, in part, the development of hyperinsulinemia, insulin
resistance, and the progression to NIDDM.

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