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Diabetes, Vol 46, Issue 6 983-988, Copyright © 1997 by American Diabetes Association
Skeletal muscle triglyceride levels are inversely related to insulin action
DA Pan, S Lillioja, AD Kriketos, MR Milner, LA Baur, C Bogardus, AB Jenkins and LH Storlien
Department of Biomedical Science, University of Wollongong, NSW, Australia.
In animal studies, increased amounts of triglyceride associated with
skeletal muscle (mTG) correlate with reduced skeletal muscle and whole body
insulin action. The aim of this study was to test this relationship in
humans. Subjects were 38 nondiabetic male Pima Indians (mean age 28 +/- 1
years). Insulin sensitivity at physiological (M) and supraphysiological
(MZ) insulin levels was assessed by the euglycemic clamp. Lipid and
carbohydrate oxidation were determined by indirect calorimetry before and
during insulin administration. mTG was determined in vastus lateralis
muscles obtained by percutaneous biopsy. Percentage of body fat (mean 29
+/- 1%, range 14-44%) was measured by underwater weighing. In simple
regressions, negative relationships were found between mTG (mean 5.4 +/-
0.3 micromol/g, range 1.3-1.9 micromol/g) and log10M (r = -0.53, P < or
= 0.001), MZ (r = -0.44, P = 0.006), and nonoxidative glucose disposal (r =
-0.48 and -0.47 at physiological and supraphysiological insulin levels,
respectively, both P = 0.005) but not glucose or lipid oxidation. mTG was
not related to any measure of adiposity. In multiple regressions, measures
of insulin resistance (log10M, MZ, log10[fasting insulin]) were
significantly related to mTG independent of all measures of obesity
(percentage of body fat, BMI, waist-to-thigh ratio). In turn, all measures
of obesity were related to the insulin resistance measures independent of
mTG. The obesity measures and mTG accounted for similar proportions of the
variance in insulin resistance in these relationships. The results suggest
that in this human population, as in animal models, skeletal muscle insulin
sensitivity is strongly influenced by local supplies of triglycerides, as
well as by remote depots and circulating lipids. The mechanism(s)
underlying the relationship between mTG and insulin action on skeletal
muscle glycogen synthesis may be central to an understanding of insulin
resistance.

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C. R. Bruce and D. J. Dyck
Cytokine regulation of skeletal muscle fatty acid metabolism: effect of interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-{alpha}
Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab,
October 1, 2004;
287(4):
E616 - E621.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
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