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Diabetes, Vol 46, Issue 9 1393-1399, Copyright © 1997 by American Diabetes Association
Pioglitazone induces in vivo adipocyte differentiation in the obese Zucker fa/fa rat
S Hallakou, L Doare, F Foufelle, M Kergoat, M Guerre-Millo, MF Berthault, I Dugail, J Morin, J Auwerx and P Ferre
Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale, Unit 465, Paris, France.
Thiazolidinediones are potent antidiabetic compounds, in both animal and
human models, which act by enhancing peripheral sensitivity to insulin.
Thiazolidinediones are high-affinity ligands for peroxisome
proliferator-activated receptor-gamma, a key factor for adipocyte
differentiation, and they are efficient promoters of adipocyte
differentiation in vitro. Thus, it could be questioned whether a
thiazolidinedione therapy aimed at improving insulin sensitivity would
promote the recruitment of new adipocytes in vivo. To address this problem,
we have studied the in vivo effect of pioglitazone on glucose metabolism
and gene expression in the adipose tissue of an animal model of obesity
with insulin resistance, the obese Zucker (fa/fa) rat. Pioglitazone
markedly improves insulin action in the obese Zucker (fa/fa) rat, but
doubles its weight gain after 4 weeks of treatment. The drug induces a
large increase of glucose utilization in adipose tissue, where it
stimulates the expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism such as the
insulin-responsive GLUT, fatty acid synthase, and phosphoenolpyruvate
carboxykinase genes, but decreases the expression of the ob gene. These
changes are related to both an enhanced adipocyte differentiation, as shown
by the large increase in the number of small adipocytes in the
retroperitoneal fat pad, and a direct effect of pioglitazone on specific
gene expression (phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and ob genes) in mature
adipocytes.

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[Abstract]
[Full Text]
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