Diabetes
HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS
QUICK SEARCH:   [advanced]


     

This Article
Right arrow Full Text (PDF)
Right arrow Purchase Article
Right arrow View Shopping Cart
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Services
Right arrow Email this article to a friend
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Right arrow Request Permissions
Citing Articles
Right arrow Citing Articles via HighWire
Right arrow Citing Articles via Google Scholar
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Baynes, J. W.
Right arrow Articles by Thorpe, S. R.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by Baynes, J. W.
Right arrow Articles by Thorpe, S. R.
Social Bookmarking
Add to CiteULike   Add to Del.icio.us   Add to Digg   Add to Reddit   Add to Technorati  
What's this?

Diabetes, Vol 48, Issue 1 1-9, Copyright © 1999 by American Diabetes Association

ARTICLES

Role of oxidative stress in diabetic complications: a new perspective on an old paradigm

JW Baynes and SR Thorpe
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia 29208, USA. baynes@psc.sc.edu

Oxidative stress and oxidative damage to tissues are common end points of chronic diseases, such as atherosclerosis, diabetes, and rheumatoid arthritis. The question addressed in this review is whether increased oxidative stress has a primary role in the pathogenesis of diabetic complications or whether it is a secondary indicator of end-stage tissue damage in diabetes. The increase in glycoxidation and lipoxidation products in plasma and tissue proteins suggests that oxidative stress is increased in diabetes. However, some of these products, such as 3-deoxyglucosone adducts to lysine and arginine residues, are formed independent of oxidation chemistry. Elevated levels of oxidizable substrates may also explain the increase in glycoxidation and lipoxidation products in tissue proteins, without the necessity of invoking an increase in oxidative stress. Further, age-adjusted levels of oxidized amino acids, a more direct indicator of oxidative stress, are not increased in skin collagen in diabetes. We propose that the increased chemical modification of proteins by carbohydrates and lipids in diabetes is the result of overload on metabolic pathways involved in detoxification of reactive carbonyl species, leading to a general increase in steady-state levels of reactive carbonyl compounds formed by both oxidative and nonoxidative reactions. The increase in glycoxidation and lipoxidation of tissue proteins in diabetes may therefore be viewed as the result of increased carbonyl stress. The distinction between oxidative and carbonyl stress is discussed along with the therapeutic implications of this difference.
Add to CiteULike CiteULike   Add to Del.icio.us Del.icio.us   Add to Digg Digg   Add to Reddit Reddit   Add to Technorati Technorati    What's this?


This article has been cited by other articles:


Home page
 DiabetesHome page
D. Demozay, J.-C. Mas, S. Rocchi, and E. Van Obberghen
FALDH Reverses the Deleterious Action of Oxidative Stress Induced by Lipid Peroxidation Product 4-Hydroxynonenal on Insulin Signaling in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes
Diabetes, May 1, 2008; 57(5): 1216 - 1226.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol.Home page
H. Shi, D. Patschan, T. Epstein, M. S. Goligorsky, and J. Winaver
Delayed recovery of renal regional blood flow in diabetic mice subjected to acute ischemic kidney injury
Am J Physiol Renal Physiol, November 1, 2007; 293(5): F1512 - F1517.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Am. Podiatr. Med. Assoc.Home page
R. G. Smith
Painful Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy
J Am Podiatr Med Assoc, September 1, 2007; 97(5): 394 - 401.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Diabetes CareHome page
R. K. Schindhelm, M. Alssema, P. G. Scheffer, M. Diamant, J. M. Dekker, R. Barto, G. Nijpels, P. J. Kostense, R. J. Heine, C. G. Schalkwijk, et al.
Fasting and Postprandial Glycoxidative and Lipoxidative Stress Are Increased in Women With Type 2 Diabetes
Diabetes Care, July 1, 2007; 30(7): 1789 - 1794.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci.Home page
J. Uribarri, W. Cai, M. Peppa, S. Goodman, L. Ferrucci, G. Striker, and H. Vlassara
Circulating Glycotoxins and Dietary Advanced Glycation Endproducts: Two Links to Inflammatory Response, Oxidative Stress, and Aging
J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci., April 1, 2007; 62(4): 427 - 433.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther.Home page
Y. Minamiyama, Y. Bito, S. Takemura, Y. Takahashi, S. Kodai, S. Mizuguchi, Y. Nishikawa, S. Suehiro, and S. Okada
Calorie Restriction Improves Cardiovascular Risk Factors via Reduction of Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species in Type II Diabetic Rats
J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., February 1, 2007; 320(2): 535 - 543.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol.Home page
J. Benton, A. Powers, L. Eiselein, R. Fitch, D. Wilson, A. C. Villablanca, and J. C. Rutledge
Hyperglycemia and loss of ovarian hormones mediate atheroma formation through endothelial layer disruption and increased permeability
Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, February 1, 2007; 292(2): R723 - R730.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol.Home page
J. Chintapalli, S. Yang, D. Opawumi, S. R. Goyal, N. Shamsuddin, A. Malhotra, K. Reiss, and L. G. Meggs
Inhibition of wild-type p66ShcA in mesangial cells prevents glycooxidant-dependent FOXO3a regulation and promotes the survival phenotype
Am J Physiol Renal Physiol, February 1, 2007; 292(2): F523 - F530.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 CLIN APPL THROMB HEMOSTHome page
Y. Shimasaki, Y. Saito, M. Yoshimura, S. Kamitani, Y. Miyamoto, I. Masuda, M. Nakayama, Y. Mizuno, H. Ogawa, H. Yasue, et al.
The Effects of Long-term Smoking on Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase mRNA Expression in Human Platelets as Detected With Real-time Quantitative RT-PCR
Clinical and Applied Thrombosis/Hemostasis, January 1, 2007; 13(1): 43 - 51.
[Abstract] [PDF]

Home page
 Diabetes CareHome page
R. Meerwaldt, H. L. Lutgers, T. P. Links, R. Graaff, J. W. Baynes, R. O.B. Gans, and A. J. Smit
Skin Autofluorescence Is a Strong Predictor of Cardiac Mortality in Diabetes
Diabetes Care, January 1, 2007; 30(1): 107 - 112.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Bio.Home page
H. Koyama, T. Shoji, S. Fukumoto, K. Shinohara, T. Shoji, M. Emoto, K. Mori, H. Tahara, E. Ishimura, R. Kakiya, et al.
Low Circulating Endogenous Secretory Receptor for AGEs Predicts Cardiovascular Mortality in Patients With End-Stage Renal Disease
Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., January 1, 2007; 27(1): 147 - 153.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Diabetes CareHome page
H. L. Lutgers, R. Graaff, T. P. Links, L. J. Ubink-Veltmaat, H. J. Bilo, R. O. Gans, and A. J. Smit
Skin Autofluorescence as a Noninvasive Marker of Vascular Damage in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Diabetes Care, December 1, 2006; 29(12): 2654 - 2659.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Circ. Res.Home page
J. F. Oram and A. M. Vaughan
ATP-Binding Cassette Cholesterol Transporters and Cardiovascular Disease
Circ. Res., November 10, 2006; 99(10): 1031 - 1043.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Nephrol Dial TransplantHome page
M. L. Caramori, Y. Kim, P. Fioretto, C. Huang, S. S. Rich, M. E. Miller, G. B. Russell, and M. Mauer
Cellular basis of diabetic nephropathy: IV Antioxidant enzyme mRNA expression levels in skin fibroblasts of type 1 diabetic sibling pairs
Nephrol. Dial. Transplant., November 1, 2006; 21(11): 3122 - 3126.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Diabetes CareHome page
T. J. Orchard, T. Costacou, A. Kretowski, and R. W. Nesto
Type 1 diabetes and coronary artery disease.
Diabetes Care, November 1, 2006; 29(11): 2528 - 2538.
[Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Pathol.Home page
M. Andrassy, J. Igwe, F. Autschbach, C. Volz, A. Remppis, M. F. Neurath, E. Schleicher, P. M. Humpert, T. Wendt, B. Liliensiek, et al.
Posttranslationally Modified Proteins as Mediators of Sustained Intestinal Inflammation
Am. J. Pathol., October 1, 2006; 169(4): 1223 - 1237.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 CirculationHome page
A. Goldin, J. A. Beckman, A. M. Schmidt, and M. A. Creager
Advanced Glycation End Products: Sparking the Development of Diabetic Vascular Injury
Circulation, August 8, 2006; 114(6): 597 - 605.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Pathol.Home page
T. G Ebrahimian, C. Heymes, D. You, O. Blanc-Brude, B. Mees, L. Waeckel, M. Duriez, J. Vilar, R. P. Brandes, B. I. Levy, et al.
NADPH Oxidase-Derived Overproduction of Reactive Oxygen Species Impairs Postischemic Neovascularization in Mice with Type 1 Diabetes
Am. J. Pathol., August 1, 2006; 169(2): 719 - 728.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
M. Z. Khaldi, H. Elouil, Y. Guiot, J. C. Henquin, and J. C. Jonas
Antioxidants N-acetyl-L-cysteine and manganese(III)tetrakis (4-benzoic acid)porphyrin do not prevent beta-cell dysfunction in rat islets cultured in high glucose for 1 wk
Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, July 1, 2006; 291(1): E137 - E146.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol.Home page
T. Samikkannu, J. J. Thomas, G. J. Bhat, V. Wittman, and T. J. Thekkumkara
Acute effect of high glucose on long-term cell growth: a role for transient glucose increase in proximal tubule cell injury
Am J Physiol Renal Physiol, July 1, 2006; 291(1): F162 - F175.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
M. S. Ola, D. A. Berkich, Y. Xu, M. T. King, T. W. Gardner, I. Simpson, and K. F. LaNoue
Analysis of glucose metabolism in diabetic rat retinas
Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, June 1, 2006; 290(6): E1057 - E1067.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 HypertensionHome page
V. A. Cameron, T. J. Mocatta, A. P. Pilbrow, C. M. Frampton, R. W. Troughton, A. M. Richards, and C. C. Winterbourn
Angiotensin Type-1 Receptor A1166C Gene Polymorphism Correlates With Oxidative Stress Levels in Human Heart Failure
Hypertension, June 1, 2006; 47(6): 1155 - 1161.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 AM J ALZHEIMERS DIS OTHER DEMENHome page
T. Sato, N. Shimogaito, X. Wu, S. Kikuchi, S.-i. Yamagishi, and M. Takeuchi
Toxic Advanced Glycation End Products (TAGE) Theory in Alzheimer's Disease
American Journal of Alzheimer's Disease and Other Dementias, May 1, 2006; 21(3): 197 - 208.
[Abstract] [PDF]

Home page
 DiabetesHome page
A. Riboulet-Chavey, A. Pierron, I. Durand, J. Murdaca, J. Giudicelli, and E. Van Obberghen
Methylglyoxal impairs the insulin signaling pathways independently of the formation of intracellular reactive oxygen species.
Diabetes, May 1, 2006; 55(5): 1289 - 1299.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 JAMAHome page
L. Monnier, E. Mas, C. Ginet, F. Michel, L. Villon, J.-P. Cristol, and C. Colette
Activation of Oxidative Stress by Acute Glucose Fluctuations Compared With Sustained Chronic Hyperglycemia in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
JAMA, April 12, 2006; 295(14): 1681 - 1687.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther.Home page
S. K. Kim, M. A. Abdelmegeed, and R. F. Novak
Identification of the Insulin Signaling Cascade in the Regulation of Alpha-Class Glutathione S-Transferase Expression in Primary Cultured Rat Hepatocytes
J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., March 1, 2006; 316(3): 1255 - 1261.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USAHome page
T. Yu, J. L. Robotham, and Y. Yoon
Increased production of reactive oxygen species in hyperglycemic conditions requires dynamic change of mitochondrial morphology
PNAS, February 21, 2006; 103(8): 2653 - 2658.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J BiochemHome page
H. Sakiyama, M. Takahashi, T. Yamamoto, T. Teshima, S. H. Lee, Y. Miyamoto, Y. Misonou, and N. Taniguchi
The Internalization and Metabolism of 3-Deoxyglucosone in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells
J. Biochem., February 1, 2006; 139(2): 245 - 253.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 DiabetesHome page
D. Kukidome, T. Nishikawa, K. Sonoda, K. Imoto, K. Fujisawa, M. Yano, H. Motoshima, T. Taguchi, T. Matsumura, and E. Araki
Activation of AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Reduces Hyperglycemia-Induced Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species Production and Promotes Mitochondrial Biogenesis in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells
Diabetes, January 1, 2006; 55(1): 120 - 127.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 EndocrinologyHome page
M. Aragno, R. Mastrocola, C. Medana, F. Restivo, M. G. Catalano, N. Pons, O. Danni, and G. Boccuzzi
Up-Regulation of Advanced Glycated Products Receptors in the Brain of Diabetic Rats Is Prevented by Antioxidant Treatment
Endocrinology, December 1, 2005; 146(12): 5561 - 5567.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Am. Soc. Nephrol.Home page
R. Meerwaldt, J. W.L. Hartog, R. Graaff, R. J. Huisman, T. P. Links, N. C. den Hollander, S. R. Thorpe, J. W. Baynes, G. Navis, R. O.B. Gans, et al.
Skin Autofluorescence, a Measure of Cumulative Metabolic Stress and Advanced Glycation End Products, Predicts Mortality in Hemodialysis Patients
J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., December 1, 2005; 16(12): 3687 - 3693.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 DiabetesHome page
P. J. Beisswenger, K. S. Drummond, R. G. Nelson, S. K. Howell, B. S. Szwergold, and M. Mauer
Susceptibility to Diabetic Nephropathy Is Related to Dicarbonyl and Oxidative Stress
Diabetes, November 1, 2005; 54(11): 3274 - 3281.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol.Home page
Y. Xu, B. W. Osborne, and R. C. Stanton
Diabetes causes inhibition of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase via activation of PKA, which contributes to oxidative stress in rat kidney cortex
Am J Physiol Renal Physiol, November 1, 2005; 289(5): F1040 - F1047.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol.Home page
S. Yang, J. Chintapalli, L. Sodagum, S. Baskin, A. Malhotra, K. Reiss, and L. G. Meggs
Activated IGF-1R inhibits hyperglycemia-induced DNA damage and promotes DNA repair by homologous recombination
Am J Physiol Renal Physiol, November 1, 2005; 289(5): F1144 - F1152.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Biol. Chem.Home page
B. Shao, X. Fu, T. O. McDonald, P. S. Green, K. Uchida, K. D. O'Brien, J. F. Oram, and J. W. Heinecke
Acrolein Impairs ATP Binding Cassette Transporter A1-dependent Cholesterol Export from Cells through Site-specific Modification of Apolipoprotein A-I
J. Biol. Chem., October 28, 2005; 280(43): 36386 - 36396.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Physiol. Rev.Home page
J. F. Oram and J. W. Heinecke
ATP-Binding Cassette Transporter A1: A Cell Cholesterol Exporter That Protects Against Cardiovascular Disease
Physiol Rev, October 1, 2005; 85(4): 1343 - 1372.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Diabetes CareHome page
M. S. Farvid, M. Jalali, F. Siassi, and M. Hosseini
Comparison of the Effects of Vitamins and/or Mineral Supplementation on Glomerular and Tubular Dysfunction in Type 2 Diabetes
Diabetes Care, October 1, 2005; 28(10): 2458 - 2464.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Diabetes CareHome page
N. Ahmed, R. Babaei-Jadidi, S. K. Howell, P. J. Thornalley, and P. J. Beisswenger
Glycated and Oxidized Protein Degradation Products Are Indicators of Fasting and Postprandial Hyperglycemia in Diabetes
Diabetes Care, October 1, 2005; 28(10): 2465 - 2471.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 DiabetesHome page
V. K. Pedchenko, S. V. Chetyrkin, P. Chuang, A.-J. L. Ham, M. A. Saleem, P. W. Mathieson, B. G. Hudson, and P. A. Voziyan
Mechanism of Perturbation of Integrin-Mediated Cell-Matrix Interactions by Reactive Carbonyl Compounds and Its Implication for Pathogenesis of Diabetic Nephropathy
Diabetes, October 1, 2005; 54(10): 2952 - 2960.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 INT J LOW EXTREM WOUNDSHome page
N. K. Rai, K. Tripathi, D. Sharma, and V. K. Shukla
Apoptosis: A Basic Physiologic Process in Wound Healing
International Journal of Lower Extremity Wounds, September 1, 2005; 4(3): 138 - 144.
[Abstract] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol.Home page
C. Iacobini, G. Oddi, S. Menini, L. Amadio, C. Ricci, C. Di Pippo, M. Sorcini, F. Pricci, F. Pugliese, and G. Pugliese
Development of age-dependent glomerular lesions in galectin-3/AGE-receptor-3 knockout mice
Am J Physiol Renal Physiol, September 1, 2005; 289(3): F611 - F621.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 DiabetesHome page
O. Sandu, K. Song, W. Cai, F. Zheng, J. Uribarri, and H. Vlassara
Insulin Resistance and Type 2 Diabetes in High-Fat-Fed Mice Are Linked to High Glycotoxin Intake
Diabetes, August 1, 2005; 54(8): 2314 - 2319.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 DiabetesHome page
M. Passarelli, C. Tang, T. O. McDonald, K. D. O'Brien, R. G. Gerrity, J. W. Heinecke, and J. F. Oram
Advanced Glycation End Product Precursors Impair ABCA1-Dependent Cholesterol Removal From Cells
Diabetes, July 1, 2005; 54(7): 2198 - 2205.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Biol. Chem.Home page
S. Pennathur, Y. Ido, J. I. Heller, J. Byun, R. Danda, P. Pergola, J. R. Williamson, and J. W. Heinecke
Reactive Carbonyls and Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Produce a Hydroxyl Radical-like Species: A POTENTIAL PATHWAY FOR OXIDATIVE DAMAGE OF RETINAL PROTEINS IN DIABETES
J. Biol. Chem., June 17, 2005; 280(24): 22706 - 22714.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol.Home page
M. Satoh, S. Fujimoto, Y. Haruna, S. Arakawa, H. Horike, N. Komai, T. Sasaki, K. Tsujioka, H. Makino, and N. Kashihara
NAD(P)H oxidase and uncoupled nitric oxide synthase are major sources of glomerular superoxide in rats with experimental diabetic nephropathy
Am J Physiol Renal Physiol, June 1, 2005; 288(6): F1144 - F1152.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 HypertensionHome page
J. Lee, M. Lee, J.-U. Kim, K. I. Song, Y. S. Choi, and S.-S. Cheong
Carvedilol Reduces Plasma 8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine in Mild to Moderate Hypertension: A Pilot Study
Hypertension, May 1, 2005; 45(5): 986 - 990.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Biol. Chem.Home page
D. R. Sell, K. M. Biemel, O. Reihl, M. O. Lederer, C. M. Strauch, and V. M. Monnier
Glucosepane Is a Major Protein Cross-link of the Senescent Human Extracellular Matrix: RELATIONSHIP WITH DIABETES
J. Biol. Chem., April 1, 2005; 280(13): 12310 - 12315.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 DiabetesHome page
X. Liu, J. Wei, D. H. Peng, M. D. Layne, and S.-F. Yet
Absence of Heme Oxygenase-1 Exacerbates Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in Diabetic Mice
Diabetes, March 1, 2005; 54(3): 778 - 784.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 DiabetesHome page
K. V. Ramana, B. Friedrich, R. Tammali, M. B. West, A. Bhatnagar, and S. K. Srivastava
Requirement of Aldose Reductase for the Hyperglycemic Activation of Protein Kinase C and Formation of Diacylglycerol in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells
Diabetes, March 1, 2005; 54(3): 818 - 829.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 DiabetesHome page
A. Modesti, I. Bertolozzi, T. Gamberi, M. Marchetta, C. Lumachi, M. Coppo, F. Moroni, T. Toscano, G. Lucchese, G. F. Gensini, et al.
Hyperglycemia Activates JAK2 Signaling Pathway in Human Failing Myocytes via Angiotensin II-Mediated Oxidative Stress
Diabetes, February 1, 2005; 54(2): 394 - 401.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Biol. Chem.Home page
D. R. Sell and V. M. Monnier
Conversion of Arginine into Ornithine by Advanced Glycation in Senescent Human Collagen and Lens Crystallins
J. Biol. Chem., December 24, 2004; 279(52): 54173 - 54184.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 DiabetesHome page
R. A. Kowluru and S. Odenbach
Effect of Long-Term Administration of {alpha}-Lipoic Acid on Retinal Capillary Cell Death and the Development of Retinopathy in Diabetic Rats
Diabetes, December 1, 2004; 53(12): 3233 - 3238.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Vasc MedHome page
D. J Collinson, R. Rea, and R. Donnelly
Masterclass series in peripheral arterial disease: Vascular risk: diabetes
Vascular Medicine, November 1, 2004; 9(4): 307 - 310.
[PDF]

Home page
 DiabetesHome page
K. V. Ramana, B. Friedrich, S. Srivastava, A. Bhatnagar, and S. K. Srivastava
Activation of Nulcear Factor-{kappa}B by Hyperglycemia in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells Is Regulated by Aldose Reductase
Diabetes, November 1, 2004; 53(11): 2910 - 2920.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 DiabetesHome page
J. R. Nyengaard, Y. Ido, C. Kilo, and J. R. Williamson
Interactions Between Hyperglycemia and Hypoxia: Implications for Diabetic Retinopathy
Diabetes, November 1, 2004; 53(11): 2931 - 2938.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther.Home page
S. K. Kim, K. J. Woodcroft, S. S. Khodadadeh, and R. F. Novak
Insulin Signaling Regulates {gamma}-Glutamylcysteine Ligase Catalytic Subunit Expression in Primary Cultured Rat Hepatocytes
J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., October 1, 2004; 311(1): 99 - 108.