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Diabetes, Vol 48, Issue 4 839-847, Copyright © 1999 by American Diabetes Association
Effects of weight loss on regional fat distribution and insulin sensitivity in obesity
BH Goodpaster, DE Kelley, RR Wing, A Meier and FL Thaete
Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA.
Weight loss (WL) decreases regional depots of adipose tissue and improves
insulin sensitivity, two parameters that correlate before WL. To examine
the potential relation of WL-induced change in regional adiposity to
improvement in insulin sensitivity, 32 obese sedentary women and men
completed a 4-month WL program and had repeat determinations of body
composition (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and computed tomography) and
insulin sensitivity (euglycemic insulin infusion). There were 15 lean men
and women who served as control subjects. VO2max was unaltered with WL
(39.2 +/- 0.8 vs. 39.8 +/- 1.1 ml x fat-free mass [FFM](-1) x min(-1)). The
WL intervention achieved significant decreases in weight (100.2 +/- 2.6 to
85.5 +/- 2.1 kg), BMI (34.3 +/- 0.6 to 29.3 +/- 0.6 kg/m2), total fat mass
(FM) (36.9 +/- 1.5 to 26.1 +/- 1.3 kg), percent body fat (37.7 +/- 1.3 to
31.0 +/- 1.5%), and FFM (59.2 +/- 2.3 to 55.8 +/- 2.0 kg). Abdominal
subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue (SAT and VAT) were reduced (494
+/- 19 to 357 +/- 18 cm2 and 157 +/- 12 to 96 +/- 7 cm2, respectively).
Cross-sectional area of low-density muscle (LDM) at the mid-thigh decreased
from 67 +/- 5 to 55 +/- 4 cm2 after WL. Insulin sensitivity improved from
5.9 +/- 0.4 to 7.3 +/- 0.5 mg x FFM(-1) x min(-1) with WL. Rates of
insulin-stimulated nonoxidative glucose disposal accounted for the majority
of this improvement (3.00 +/- 0.3 to 4.3 +/- 0.4 mg x FFM(-1) x min(-1)).
Serum leptin, triglycerides, cholesterol, and insulin all decreased after
WL (P < 0.01). After WL, insulin sensitivity continued to correlate with
generalized and regional adiposity but, with the exception of the percent
decrease in VAT, the magnitude of improvement in insulin sensitivity was
not predicted by the various changes in body composition. These
interventional weight loss data underscore the potential importance of
visceral adiposity in relation to insulin resistance and otherwise suggest
that above a certain threshold of weight loss, improvement in insulin
sensitivity does not bear a linear relationship to the magnitude of weight
loss.

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