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Diabetes, Vol 48, Issue 5 1113-1119, Copyright © 1999 by American Diabetes Association
Association of increased intramyocellular lipid content with insulin resistance in lean nondiabetic offspring of type 2 diabetic subjects
S Jacob, J Machann, K Rett, K Brechtel, A Volk, W Renn, E Maerker, S Matthaei, F Schick, CD Claussen and HU Haring
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Tubingen, Germany.
Insulin resistance plays an important role in the pathogenesis of type 2
diabetes; however, the multiple mechanisms causing insulin resistance are
not yet fully understood. The aim of this study was to explore the possible
contribution of intramyocellular lipid content in the pathogenesis of
skeletal muscle insulin resistance. We compared insulin-resistant and
insulin-sensitive subjects. To meet stringent matching criteria for other
known confounders of insulin resistance, these individuals were selected
from an extensively metabolically characterized group of 280 first-degree
relatives of type 2 diabetic subjects. Some 13 lean insulin-resistant and
13 lean insulin-sensitive subjects were matched for sex, age, BMI, percent
body fat, physical fitness, and waist-to-hip ratio. Insulin sensitivity was
determined by the hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp method (for
insulin-resistant subjects, glucose metabolic clearance rate [MCR] was
5.77+/-0.28 ml x kg(-1) x min(-1) [mean +/- SE]; for insulin-sensitive
subjects, MCR was 10.15+/-0.7 ml x kg(-1) x min(-1); P<0.002). Proton
magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) was used to measure intramyocellular
lipid content (IMCL) in both groups. MRS studies demonstrated that in
soleus muscle, IMCL was increased by 84% (11.8+/-1.6 vs. 6.4+/-0.59
arbitrary units; P = 0.008 ), and in tibialis anterior muscle, IMCL was
increased by 57% (3.26+/-0.36 vs. 2.08+/-0.3 arbitrary units; P = 0.017) in
the insulin-resistant offspring, whereas the extramyocellular lipid content
and total muscle lipid content were not statistically different between the
two groups. These data demonstrate that in these well-matched groups of
lean subjects, IMCL is increased in insulin-resistant offspring of type 2
diabetic subjects when compared with an insulin-sensitive group matched for
age, BMI, body fat distribution, percent body fat, and degree of physical
fitness. These results indicate that increased IMCL represents an early
abnormality in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance and suggest that
increased IMCL may contribute to the defective glucose uptake in skeletal
muscle in insulin-resistant subjects.

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V. B. Schrauwen-Hinderling, P. Schrauwen, M. K. C. Hesselink, J. M. A. van Engelshoven, K. Nicolay, W. H. M. Saris, A. G. H. Kessels, and M. E. Kooi
The Increase in Intramyocellular Lipid Content Is a Very Early Response to Training
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.,
April 1, 2003;
88(4):
1610 - 1616.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
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