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Diabetes, Vol 48, Issue 5 967-974, Copyright © 1999 by American Diabetes Association
NOD mice have a generalized defect in their response to transplantation tolerance induction
TG Markees, DV Serreze, NE Phillips, CH Sorli, EJ Gordon, LD Shultz, RJ Noelle, BA Woda, DL Greiner, JP Mordes and AA Rossini
Diabetes Division, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester 01605, USA.
A protocol consisting of a single donor-specific transfusion (DST) plus a
brief course of anti-CD154 monoclonal antibody (anti-CD40 ligand mAb)
induces permanent islet allograft survival in chemically diabetic mice, but
its efficacy in mice with autoimmune diabetes is unknown. Confirming a
previous report, we first observed that treatment of young female NOD mice
with anti-CD154 mAb reduced the frequency of diabetes through 1 year of age
to 43%, compared with 73% in untreated controls. We also confirmed that
spontaneously diabetic NOD mice transplanted with syngeneic
(NOD-Prkdc(scid)/Prkdc(scid)) or allogeneic (BALB/c) islets rapidly reject
their grafts. Graft survival was not prolonged, however, by pretreatment
with either anti-CD154 mAb alone or anti-CD154 mAb plus DST. In addition,
allograft rejection in NOD mice was not restricted to islet grafts.
Anti-CD154 mAb plus DST treatment failed to prolong skin allograft survival
in nondiabetic male NOD mice. The inability to induce transplantation
tolerance in NOD (H2g7) mice was associated with non-major
histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes. Treatment with DST and anti-CD154
mAb prolonged skin allograft survival in both C57BL/6 (H2b) and
C57BL/6.NOD-H2g7 mice, but it was ineffective in NOD, NOD.SWR-H2q, and NOR
(H2g7) mice. Mitogen-stimulated interleukin-1beta production by
antigen-presenting cells was greater in strains susceptible to tolerance
induction than in the strains resistant to tolerance induction. The results
suggest the existence of a general defect in tolerance mechanisms in NOD
mice. This genetic defect involves defective antigen-presenting cell
maturation, leads to spontaneous autoimmune diabetes in the presence of the
H2g7 MHC, and precludes the induction of transplantation tolerance
irrespective of MHC haplotype. Promising islet transplantation methods
based on overcoming the alloimmune response by interference with
costimulation may require modification or amplification for use in the
setting of autoimmune diabetes.

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Copyright © 1999 by the American Diabetes Association.
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