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Diabetes, Vol 49, Issue 5 677-683, Copyright © 2000 by American Diabetes Association
Fuel selection in human skeletal muscle in insulin resistance: a reexamination
DE Kelley and LJ Mandarino
Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
For many years, the Randle glucose fatty acid cycle has been invoked to
explain insulin resistance in skeletal muscle of patients with type 2
diabetes or obesity. Increased fat oxidation was hypothesized to reduce
glucose metabolism. The results of a number of investigations have shown
that artificially increasing fat oxidation by provision of excess lipid
does decrease glucose oxidation in the whole body. However, results
obtained with rodent or human systems that more directly examined muscle
fuel selection have found that skeletal muscle in insulin resistance is
accompanied by increased, rather than decreased, muscle glucose oxidation
under basal conditions and decreased glucose oxidation under
insulin-stimulated circumstances, producing a state of "metabolic
inflexibility." Such a situation could contribute to the accumulation of
triglyceride within the myocyte, as has been observed in insulin
resistance. Recent knowledge of insulin receptor signaling indicates that
the accumulation of lipid products in muscle can interfere with insulin
signaling and produce insulin resistance. Therefore, although the Randle
cycle is a valid physiological principle, it may not explain insulin
resistance in skeletal muscle.

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