Diabetes
HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS
QUICK SEARCH:   [advanced]


     

This Article
Right arrow Full Text
Right arrow Full Text (PDF)
Right arrow Purchase Article
Right arrow View Shopping Cart
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Services
Right arrow Email this article to a friend
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Right arrow Request Permissions
Citing Articles
Right arrow Citing Articles via HighWire
Right arrow Citing Articles via Google Scholar
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Song, Z.
Right arrow Articles by Routh, V. H.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by Song, Z.
Right arrow Articles by Routh, V. H.
Social Bookmarking
Add to CiteULike   Add to Del.icio.us   Add to Digg   Add to Reddit   Add to Technorati  
What's this?
Diabetes 50:2673-2681, 2001
© 2001 by the American Diabetes Association, Inc.

Convergence of Pre- and Postsynaptic Influences on Glucosensing Neurons in the Ventromedial Hypothalamic Nucleus

Zhentao Song1, Barry E. Levin2,3, Joseph J. McArdle1, Nader Bakhos1, and Vanessa H. Routh1,2

1 Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, New Jersey Medical School (UMDNJ), Newark, New Jersey
2 Department of Neurosciences, New Jersey Medical School (UMDNJ), Newark, New Jersey
3 Neurology Service (127C), Veterans Administration Medical Center, East Orange, New Jersey

Glucosensing neurons in the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus (VMN) were studied using visually guided slice-patch recording techniques in brain slices from 14- to 21-day-old male Sprague-Dawley rats. Whole-cell current-clamp recordings were made as extracellular glucose levels were increased (from 2.5 to 5 or 10 mmol/l) or decreased (from 2.5 to 0.1 mmol/l). Using these physiological conditions to define glucosensing neurons, two subtypes of VMN glucosensing neurons were directly responsive to alterations in extracellular glucose levels. Another three subtypes were not directly glucose-sensing themselves, but rather were presynaptically modulated by changes in extracellular glucose. Of the VMN neurons, 14% were directly inhibited by decreases in extracellular glucose (glucose-excited [GE]), and 3% were directly excited by decreases in extracellular glucose (glucose-inhibited [GI]). An additional 14% were presynaptically excited by decreased glucose (PED neurons). The other two subtypes of glucosensing neurons were either presynaptically inhibited (PIR; 11%) or excited (PER; 8%) when extracellular glucose was raised to >2.5 mmol/l. GE neurons sensed decreased glucose via an ATP-sensitive K+ (KATP) channel. The inhibitory effect of increased glucose on PIR neurons appears to be mediated by a presynaptic {gamma}-aminobutyric acid–ergic glucosensing neuron that probably originates outside the VMN. Finally, all types of glucosensing neurons were both fewer in number and showed abnormal responses to glucose in a rodent model of diet-induced obesity and type 2 diabetes.


Add to CiteULike CiteULike   Add to Del.icio.us Del.icio.us   Add to Digg Digg   Add to Reddit Reddit   Add to Technorati Technorati    What's this?


This article has been cited by other articles:


Home page
 DiabetesHome page
X. Fan, Y. Ding, H. Cheng, D. X. Gram, R. S. Sherwin, and R. J. McCrimmon
Amplified Hormonal Counterregulatory Responses to Hypoglycemia in Rats After Systemic Delivery of a SUR-1-Selective K+ Channel Opener?
Diabetes, December 1, 2008; 57(12): 3327 - 3334.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 DiabetesHome page
R. S. Sherwin
Bringing Light to the Dark Side of Insulin: A Journey Across the Blood-Brain Barrier
Diabetes, September 1, 2008; 57(9): 2259 - 2268.
[Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 DiabetesHome page
M. Garcia-Fernandez, P. Ortega-Saenz, A. Castellano, and J. Lopez-Barneo
Mechanisms of Low-Glucose Sensitivity in Carotid Body Glomus Cells
Diabetes, December 1, 2007; 56(12): 2893 - 2900.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Neurosci.Home page
C. Zhang, M. A. Bosch, J. E. Levine, O. K. Ronnekleiv, and M. J. Kelly
Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Neurons Express KATP Channels That Are Regulated by Estrogen and Responsive to Glucose and Metabolic Inhibition
J. Neurosci., September 19, 2007; 27(38): 10153 - 10164.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Eur J EndocrinolHome page
S. Morita, M. Otsuki, M. Izumi, N. Asanuma, S. Izumoto, Y. Saitoh, T. Yoshimine, and S. Kasayama
Reduced epinephrine reserve in response to insulin-induced hypoglycemia in patients with pituitary adenoma
Eur. J. Endocrinol., September 1, 2007; 157(3): 265 - 270.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol.Home page
D. D. Canabal, J. G. Potian, R. G. Duran, J. J. McArdle, and V. H. Routh
Hyperglycemia impairs glucose and insulin regulation of nitric oxide production in glucose-inhibited neurons in the ventromedial hypothalamus
Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, August 1, 2007; 293(2): R592 - R600.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol.Home page
M. B. Barnes and J. L. Beverly
Nitric oxide's role in glucose homeostasis
Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, August 1, 2007; 293(2): R590 - R591.
[Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
M. Acosta-Martinez and J. E. Levine
Regulation of KATP channel subunit gene expression by hyperglycemia in the mediobasal hypothalamus of female rats
Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, June 1, 2007; 292(6): E1801 - E1807.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 DiabetesHome page
X. Fioramonti, S. Contie, Z. Song, V. H. Routh, A. Lorsignol, and L. Penicaud
Characterization of Glucosensing Neuron Subpopulations in the Arcuate Nucleus: Integration in Neuropeptide Y and Pro-Opio Melanocortin Networks?
Diabetes, May 1, 2007; 56(5): 1219 - 1227.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 DiabetesHome page
O. Chan, M. Lawson, W. Zhu, J. L. Beverly, and R. S. Sherwin
ATP-Sensitive K+ Channels Regulate the Release of GABA in the Ventromedial Hypothalamus During Hypoglycemia
Diabetes, April 1, 2007; 56(4): 1120 - 1126.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol.Home page
D. D. Canabal, Z. Song, J. G. Potian, A. Beuve, J. J. McArdle, and V. H. Routh
Glucose, insulin, and leptin signaling pathways modulate nitric oxide synthesis in glucose-inhibited neurons in the ventromedial hypothalamus
Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, April 1, 2007; 292(4): R1418 - R1428.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Physiol.Home page
R. H. Balfour and S. Trapp
Ionic currents underlying the response of rat dorsal vagal neurones to hypoglycaemia and chemical anoxia
J. Physiol., March 15, 2007; 579(3): 691 - 702.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Exp PhysiolHome page
P. D. Mountjoy and G. A. Rutter
Glucose sensing by hypothalamic neurones and pancreatic islet cells: AMPle evidence for common mechanisms?
Exp Physiol, March 1, 2007; 92(2): 311 - 319.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Endocr. Rev.Home page
J. Gromada, I. Franklin, and C. B. Wollheim
{alpha}-Cells of the Endocrine Pancreas: 35 Years of Research but the Enigma Remains
Endocr. Rev., February 1, 2007; 28(1): 84 - 116.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 DiabetesHome page
N. M. Sanders, G. J. Taborsky Jr., C. W. Wilkinson, W. Daumen, and D. P. Figlewicz
Antecedent Hindbrain Glucoprivation Does Not Impair the Counterregulatory Response to Hypoglycemia
Diabetes, January 1, 2007; 56(1): 217 - 223.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 EndocrinologyHome page
B. G. Irani, A. A. Dunn-Meynell, and B. E. Levin
Altered Hypothalamic Leptin, Insulin, and Melanocortin Binding Associated with Moderate-Fat Diet and Predisposition to Obesity
Endocrinology, January 1, 2007; 148(1): 310 - 316.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 DiabetesHome page
B. E. Levin, L. Kang, N. M. Sanders, and A. A. Dunn-Meynell
Role of Neuronal Glucosensing in the Regulation of Energy Homeostasis
Diabetes, December 1, 2006; 55(Supplement_2): S122 - S130.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 EndocrinologyHome page
A. M. Lechuga-Sancho, A. I. Arroba, L. M. Frago, C. Garcia-Caceres, A. D.-R. de Celix, J. Argente, and J. A. Chowen
Reduction in the Number of Astrocytes and Their Projections Is Associated with Increased Synaptic Protein Density in the Hypothalamus of Poorly Controlled Diabetic Rats
Endocrinology, November 1, 2006; 147(11): 5314 - 5324.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol.Home page
Z. Song and V. H. Routh
Recurrent hypoglycemia reduces the glucose sensitivity of glucose-inhibited neurons in the ventromedial hypothalamus nucleus
Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, November 1, 2006; 291(5): R1283 - R1287.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol.Home page
B. E. Levin
Orexins: neuropeptides for all seasons and functions
Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, October 1, 2006; 291(4): R885 - R888.
[Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Physiol.Home page
B. Xue and B. B. Kahn
AMPK integrates nutrient and hormonal signals to regulate food intake and energy balance through effects in the hypothalamus and peripheral tissues
J. Physiol., July 1, 2006; 574(1): 73 - 83.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 DiabetesHome page
O. Chan, W. Zhu, Y. Ding, R. J. McCrimmon, and R. S. Sherwin
Blockade of GABAA Receptors in the Ventromedial Hypothalamus Further Stimulates Glucagon and Sympathoadrenal but Not the Hypothalamo-Pituitary-Adrenal Response to Hypoglycemia.
Diabetes, April 1, 2006; 55(4): 1080 - 1087.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 DiabetesHome page
L. Kang, A. A. Dunn-Meynell, V. H. Routh, L. D. Gaspers, Y. Nagata, T. Nishimura, J. Eiki, B. B. Zhang, and B. E. Levin
Glucokinase Is a Critical Regulator of Ventromedial Hypothalamic Neuronal Glucosensing
Diabetes, February 1, 2006; 55(2): 412 - 420.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Physiol.Home page
R. H. Balfour, A. M. K. Hansen, and S. Trapp
Neuronal responses to transient hypoglycaemia in the dorsal vagal complex of the rat brainstem
J. Physiol., February 1, 2006; 570(3): 469 - 484.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Neurosci.Home page
Y.-H. Jo, D. Wiedl, and L. W. Role
Cholinergic Modulation of Appetite-Related Synapses in Mouse Lateral Hypothalamic Slice
J. Neurosci., November 30, 2005; 25(48): 11133 - 11144.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 DiabetesHome page
R. J. McCrimmon, M. L. Evans, X. Fan, E. C. McNay, O. Chan, Y. Ding, W. Zhu, D. X. Gram, and R. S. Sherwin
Activation of ATP-Sensitive K+ Channels in the Ventromedial Hypothalamus Amplifies Counterregulatory Hormone Responses to Hypoglycemia in Normal and Recurrently Hypoglycemic Rats
Diabetes, November 1, 2005; 54(11): 3169 - 3174.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol.Home page
M. G. de Vries, M. A. Lawson, and J. L. Beverly
Hypoglycemia-induced noradrenergic activation in the VMH is a result of decreased ambient glucose
Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, October 1, 2005; 289(4): R977 - R981.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol.Home page
D. J. Clegg, S. C. Benoit, J. A. Reed, S. C. Woods, A. Dunn-Meynell, and B. E. Levin
Reduced anorexic effects of insulin in obesity-prone rats fed a moderate-fat diet
Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, April 1, 2005; 288(4): R981 - R986.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 DiabetesHome page
Z. Song and V.H. Routh
Differential Effects of Glucose and Lactate on Glucosensing Neurons in the Ventromedial Hypothalamic Nucleus
Diabetes, January 1, 2005; 54(1): 15 - 22.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol.Home page
N. C. Tkacs and B. E. Levin
Obesity-prone rats have preexisting defects in their counterregulatory response to insulin-induced hypoglycemia
Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, November 1, 2004; 287(5): R1110 - R1115.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 DiabetesHome page
X. Fioramonti, A. Lorsignol, A. Taupignon, and L. Penicaud
A New ATP-Sensitive K+ Channel-Independent Mechanism Is Involved in Glucose-Excited Neurons of Mouse Arcuate Nucleus
Diabetes, November 1, 2004; 53(11): 2767 - 2775.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 DiabetesHome page
B. E. Levin, V. H. Routh, L. Kang, N. M. Sanders, and A. A. Dunn-Meynell
Neuronal Glucosensing: What Do We Know After 50 Years?
Diabetes, October 1, 2004; 53(10): 2521 - 2528.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 DiabetesHome page
M. L. Evans, R. J. McCrimmon, D. E. Flanagan, T. Keshavarz, X. Fan, E. C. McNay, R. J. Jacob, and R. S. Sherwin
Hypothalamic ATP-sensitive K + Channels Play a Key Role in Sensing Hypoglycemia and Triggering Counterregulatory Epinephrine and Glucagon Responses
Diabetes, October 1, 2004; 53(10): 2542 - 2551.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 DiabetesHome page
R. J. McCrimmon, X. Fan, Y. Ding, W. Zhu, R. J. Jacob, and R. S. Sherwin
Potential Role for AMP-Activated Protein Kinase in Hypoglycemia Sensing in the Ventromedial Hypothalamus
Diabetes, August 1, 2004; 53(8): 1953 - 1958.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 DiabetesHome page
R. Wang, X. Liu, S.T. Hentges, A.A. Dunn-Meynell, B.E. Levin, W. Wang, and V.H. Routh
The Regulation of Glucose-Excited Neurons in the Hypothalamic Arcuate Nucleus by Glucose and Feeding-Relevant Peptides
Diabetes, August 1, 2004; 53(8): 1959 - 1965.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 DiabetesHome page
N. M. Sanders, A. A. Dunn-Meynell, and B. E. Levin
Third Ventricular Alloxan Reversibly Impairs Glucose Counterregulatory Responses
Diabetes, May 1, 2004; 53(5): 1230 - 1236.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 DiabetesHome page
L. Kang, V. H. Routh, E. V. Kuzhikandathil, L. D. Gaspers, and B. E. Levin
Physiological and Molecular Characteristics of Rat Hypothalamic Ventromedial Nucleus Glucosensing Neurons
Diabetes, March 1, 2004; 53(3): 549 - 559.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 DiabetesHome page
X.-J. Yang, L.-M. Kow, D. W. Pfaff, and C. V. Mobbs
Metabolic Pathways That Mediate Inhibition of Hypothalamic Neurons by Glucose
Diabetes, January 1, 2004; 53(1): 67 - 73.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 DiabetesHome page
M. G. de Vries, L. M. Arseneau, M. E. Lawson, and J. L. Beverly
Extracellular Glucose in Rat Ventromedial Hypothalamus During Acute and Recurrent Hypoglycemia
Diabetes, November 1, 2003; 52(11): 2767 - 2773.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 DiabetesHome page
M. A. Borg, W. V. Tamborlane, G. I. Shulman, and R. S. Sherwin
Local Lactate Perfusion of the Ventromedial Hypothalamus Suppresses Hypoglycemic Counterregulation
Diabetes, March 1, 2003; 52(3): 663 - 666.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 DiabetesHome page
E.-M. D. Nielsen, L. Hansen, B. Carstensen, S. M. Echwald, T. Drivsholm, C. Glumer, B. Thorsteinsson, K. Borch-Johnsen, T. Hansen, and O. Pedersen
The E23K Variant of Kir6.2 Associates With Impaired Post-OGTT Serum Insulin Response and Increased Risk of Type 2 Diabetes
Diabetes, February 1, 2003; 52(2): 573 - 577.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Behav Cogn Neurosci RevHome page
E. C. McNay and P. E. Gold
Food for thought: fluctuations in brain extracellular glucose provide insight into the mechanisms of memory modulation.
Behav Cogn Neurosci Rev, December 1, 2002; 1(4): 264 - 280.
[Abstract] [PDF]

Home page
 DiabetesHome page
A. A. Dunn-Meynell, V. H. Routh, L. Kang, L. Gaspers, and B. E. Levin
Glucokinase Is the Likely Mediator of Glucosensing in Both Glucose-Excited and Glucose-Inhibited Central Neurons
Diabetes, July 1, 2002; 51(7): 2056 - 2065.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS
Diabetes Diabetes Care Clinical Diabetes Diabetes Spectrum
Copyright © 2001 by the American Diabetes Association.