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Diabetes 50:707-709, 2001
© 2001 by the American Diabetes Association, Inc.

Circulating Ghrelin Levels Are Decreased in Human Obesity

Matthias Tschöp1, Christian Weyer3, P. Antonio Tataranni3, Viswanath Devanarayan2, Eric Ravussin4, and Mark L. Heiman1

1 Endocrine Research and
2 Statistics Department, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana
3 Clinical Diabetes and Nutrition Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, Arizona
4 Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana

Ghrelin is a novel endogenous natural ligand for the growth hormone (GH) secretagogue receptor that has recently been isolated from the rat stomach. Ghrelin administration stimulates GH secretion but also causes weight gain by increasing food intake and reducing fat utilization in rodents. To investigate the possible involvement of ghrelin in the pathogenesis of human obesity, we measured body composition (by dual X-ray absorption) as well as fasting plasma ghrelin concentrations (radioimmunoassay) in 15 Caucasians (8 men and 7 women, 31 ± 9 years of age, 92 ± 24 kg body wt, and 29±10% body fat, mean ± SD) and 15 Pima Indians (8 men and 7 women, 33 ± 5 years of age, 97 ± 29 kg body wt, and 30 ± 8% body fat). Fasting plasma ghrelin was negatively correlated with percent body fat (r = –0.45; P = 0.01), fasting insulin (r = – 0.45; P = 0.01) and leptin (r = –0.38; P = 0.03) concentrations. Plasma ghrelin concentration was decreased in obese Caucasians as compared with lean Caucasians (P < 0.01). Also, fasting plasma ghrelin was lower in Pima Indians, a population with a very high prevalence of obesity, compared with Caucasians (87 ± 28 vs. 129 ± 34 fmol/ml; P < 0.01). This result did not change after adjustment for fasting plasma insulin concentration. There was no correlation between fasting plasma ghrelin and height. Prospective clinical studies are now needed to establish the role of ghrelin in the pathogenesis of human obesity.

Abbreviations: CV, coefficient of variation; GH, growth hormone


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