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A Common Stromal Cell–Derived Factor-1 Chemokine Gene Variant is Associated With the Early Onset of Type 1 Diabetes

¹ Unité de Diabétologie, Service d’Immunologie Clinique and the
² Laboratory of Immunology, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades
³ Unité de Physiologie Cellulaire, Université Pierre et Marie Curie
⁴ Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM) U 342, Institut Cochin de Génétique Moléculaire, Hôpital Cochin-Saint-Vincent de Paul, Paris, France
⁵ Laboratory of Genomic Diversity, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland

Type 1 diabetes results from the autoimmune destruction of pancreatic ß-cells. Although the disease shows a strong association with HLA class II alleles, other genes may influence the initiation or the rate of progression of the autoimmune process. The recruitment of mononuclear cells within the islets of Langerhans is a critical step in the pathogenesis of the disease. Because chemokines are cytokines that promote migration of mononuclear cells, we hypothesized that polymorphisms in chemokine receptor or chemokine genes, CCR5 and SDF1, may be involved in susceptibility to or clinical expression of type 1 diabetes. The frequencies of the CCR5-32 and SDF1-3'A (801GA in the 3' untranslated region) variants were similar in 208 unrelated Caucasian patients with type 1 diabetes and in 120 Caucasian control subjects. They were not modified after stratification for the predisposing HLA-DR3 and -DR4 haplotypes. However, the SDF1-3'A variant was strongly associated with early onset (<15 years) of the disease (odds ratio 2.6, P = 0.0019). On average, the presence of the SDF1-3'A allele was associated with a 5-year reduction in the age at onset of diabetes (P = 0.0067). Our results suggest that stromal cell–derived factor-1 may be implicated in the aggressiveness of the autoimmune process leading to type 1 diabetes. These preliminary data require replication in other populations.

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