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Thymectomy and Radiation-Induced Type 1 Diabetes in Nonlymphopenic BB Rats

¹ Sunnybrook and Women’s College Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
² Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
³ Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
⁴ the Welcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K.
⁵ Program in Genetics and Genomics Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Spontaneous type 1 diabetes in BB rats is dependent on the RT1^u MHC haplotype and homozygosity for an allele at the Lyp locus, which is responsible for a peripheral T-lymphopenia. Genetic studies have shown that there are other, as yet unidentified, genetic loci contributing to diabetes susceptibility in this strain. BB rats carrying wild-type Lyp alleles are not lymphopenic and are resistant to spontaneous diabetes (DR). Here we show that thymectomy and exposure to one sublethal dose of -irradiation (TX-R) at 4 weeks of age result in the rapid development of insulitis followed by diabetes in 100% of DR rats. Administration of CD4⁺45RC^- T-cells from unmanipulated, syngeneic donors immediately after irradiation prevents the disease. Splenic T-cells from TX-R-induced diabetic animals adoptively transfer type 1 diabetes to T-deficient recipients. ACI, WF, WAG, BN, LEW, PVG, and PVG.RT1^u strains are resistant to TX-R-induced insulitis/diabetes. Genetic analyses revealed linkage between regions on chromosomes 1, 3, 4, 6, 9, and 16, and TX-R-induced type 1 diabetes in a cohort of nonlymphopenic F₂ (Wistar Furth x BBDP) animals. This novel model of TX-R-induced diabetes in nonlymphopenic BB rats can be used to identify environmental and cellular factors that are responsible for the initiation of antipancreatic autoimmunity.

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