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Diabetes 51:311-316, 2002
© 2002 by the American Diabetes Association, Inc.

Interleukin-1 Plus {gamma}-Interferon-Induced Pancreatic ß-Cell Dysfunction Is Mediated by ß-Cell Nitric Oxide Production

Helen E. Thomas1, Rima Darwiche1, John A. Corbett2, and Thomas W.H. Kay1

1 Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
2 Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, St. Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri

Cytokines have been implicated in pancreatic ß-cell destruction leading to type 1 diabetes. In vitro, a combination of {gamma}-interferon (IFN-{gamma}) and interleukin-1 (IL-1) stimulate inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression in islets, and the resulting increased production of nitric oxide (NO) causes islet cell destruction. Islets contain macrophages, ductal cells, and endothelial cells that, when activated, may mediate islet cell damage by producing either NO themselves or cytokines that then stimulate NO production by ß-cells. The aim of this study was to determine whether ß-cell damage mediated by cytokine-induced NO production is dependent on ß-cell production of NO, or whether NO produced by other cells in the islet is capable of destroying ß-cells. To address this aim, we used transgenic mice expressing a dominant-negative IFN-{gamma} receptor in ß-cells (RIP-{Delta}{gamma}R). RIP-{Delta}{gamma}R islets are resistant to IL-1 + IFN-{gamma}-induced inhibition of insulin secretion and DNA damage, indicating that ß-cell IFN-{gamma} responsiveness is required for IL-1 + IFN-{gamma}-mediated ß-cell damage. Although islets isolated from RIP-{Delta}{gamma}R mice are resistant to functional damage, these islets produce NO in response to IL-1 + IFN-{gamma}, but at a lower concentration than that produced by wild-type islets. ß-Cells appear to be the primary cellular source of IL-1 + IFN-{gamma}-induced iNOS expression in wild-type islets. In contrast, IL-1 + IFN-{gamma} fail to stimulate iNOS expression by insulin-expressing cells in islets isolated from RIP-{Delta}{gamma}R mice. IL-1 + IFN-{gamma}-induced expression of iNOS was detected in non-ß-cells in both wild-type and RIP-{Delta}{gamma}R islets. These findings support the hypothesis that NO must be produced by ß-cells to induce damage.


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