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Diabetes 51:2321-2324, 2002
© 2002 by the American Diabetes Association, Inc.


Brief Genetics Report

The Effects of the Pro12Ala Polymorphism of the Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-{gamma}2 Gene on Insulin Sensitivity and Insulin Metabolism Interact With Size at Birth

Johan G. Eriksson1, Virpi Lindi2, Matti Uusitupa2, Tom J. Forsén3, Markku Laakso4, Clive Osmond5, and David J.P. Barker5

1 Department of Epidemiology and Health Promotion, Diabetes and Genetic Epidemiology Unit, National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland
2 Department of Clinical Nutrition, University of Kuopio and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
3 Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
4 Department of Medicine, University of Kuopio, Kuopio, Finland
5 MRC Environmental Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, U.K.

Type 2 diabetes is known to be associated with a small body size at birth. Body size at birth is an indicator of the intrauterine environment. There is also a well-established association between the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-{gamma}2 gene and type 2 diabetes. We therefore assessed whether the effects of the Pro12Ala polymorphism of the PPAR-{gamma}2 gene on insulin sensitivity and insulin concentrations in adult life are modified by size at birth. We found that the effects of the Pro12Pro and Pro12Ala polymorphisms of the PPAR-{gamma}2 gene in elderly people depended on their body size at birth. The well-known association between small body size at birth and insulin resistance was seen only in individuals with the high-risk Pro12Pro allele. In those who had low birth weight, the Pro12Pro polymorphism of the PPAR-{gamma}2 gene was associated with increased insulin resistance (P < 0.002) and elevated insulin concentrations (P < 0.003). These interactions between the effects of the Pro12Ala polymorphisms of the PPAR-{gamma}2 gene on adult traits and the effects of birth weight link two previously unknown associations together within the context of type 2 diabetes. We suggest that these findings reflect gene-environment interaction.



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