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Diabetes 52:2578-2585, 2003
© 2003 by the American Diabetes Association, Inc.

Neuroprotective Effect of Docosahexaenoic Acid-Enriched Phospholipids in Experimental Diabetic Neuropathy

Thierry C. Coste1, Alain Gerbi2, Philippe Vague1, Gérard Pieroni2, and Denis Raccah1

1 UPRES EA 2193, Faculte de Medecine Timone, Marseille, France
2 INSERM U476, Faculte de Medecine Timone, Marseille, France

A deficiency in essential fatty acid metabolism has been widely reported in both human and animal diabetes. Fish oil supplementations (n-3 fatty acids), containing docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), were less effective on diabetic neuropathy than (n-6) fatty acids. This partial effect of (n-3) fatty acids might be attributed to the presence of EPA, a competitor of arachidonic acid, which enhanced the diabetes-induced decrease of this fatty acid in serum and tissues. For determining whether a supplementation with DHA alone could prevent neuropathy in streptozotocin-induced diabetes, diabetic rats were given daily, by gavage, liposomes containing DHA phospholipids, at a dose of 60 mg/kg. Eight weeks of diabetes induced significant decreases in nerve conduction velocity (NCV), nerve blood flow (NBF), and sciatic nerve and erythrocyte (red blood cells [RBCs]) Na,K-ATPase activities. DHA phospholipids totally prevented the decrease in NCV and NBF observed during diabetes when compared with the nonsupplemented diabetic group. DHA phospholipids also prevented the Na,K-ATPase activity decrease in RBC but not in sciatic nerve. Moreover, DHA level in sciatic nerve membranes was correlated with NCV. These results demonstrate a protective effect of daily doses of DHA on experimental diabetic neuropathy. Thus, treatment with DHA phospholipids could be suitable for evaluation in clinical trials.

Address correspondence and reprint requests to Dr. Thierry Coste, UPRES EA 2193, Faculte de Medecine Timone, 27, Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille Cedex 05, France. E-mail: Thierry.Coste{at}medecine.univ-mrs.fr


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Home page
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S. Pitel, D. Raccah, A. Gerbi, G. Pieroni, P. Vague, and T. C. Coste
At Low Doses, a {gamma}-Linolenic Acid-Lipoic Acid Conjugate Is More Effective Than Docosahexaenoic Acid-Enriched Phospholipids in Preventing Neuropathy in Diabetic Rats
J. Nutr., February 1, 2007; 137(2): 368 - 372.
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Copyright © 2003 by the American Diabetes Association.