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Endurance Training in Humans Leads to Fiber Type-Specific Increases in Levels of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor- Coactivator-1 and Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor- in Skeletal Muscle

¹ Clinique romande de réadaptation, SUVA, Sion, Switzerland
² Endocrine Unit, University Hospital Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
³ Division of Biochemistry, Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
⁴ School of Life and Environmental Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, U.K
⁵ Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
⁶ Department of Cell Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California

The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)- coactivator-1 (PGC-1) can induce mitochondria biogenesis and has been implicated in the development of oxidative type I muscle fibers. The PPAR isoforms , ß/, and control the transcription of genes involved in fatty acid and glucose metabolism. As endurance training increases skeletal muscle mitochondria and type I fiber content and fatty acid oxidative capacity, our aim was to determine whether these increases could be mediated by possible effects on PGC-1 or PPAR-, -ß/, and -. Seven healthy men performed 6 weeks of endurance training and the expression levels of PGC-1 and PPAR-, -ß/, and - mRNA as well as the fiber type distribution of the PGC-1 and PPAR- proteins were measured in biopsies from their vastus lateralis muscle. PGC-1 and PPAR- mRNA expression increased by 2.7- and 2.2-fold (P < 0.01), respectively, after endurance training. PGC-1 expression was 2.2- and 6-fold greater in the type IIa than in the type I and IIx fibers, respectively. It increased by 2.8-fold in the type IIa fibers and by 1.5-fold in both the type I and IIx fibers after endurance training (P < 0.015). PPAR- was 1.9-fold greater in type I than in the II fibers and increased by 3.0-fold and 1.5-fold in these respective fibers after endurance training (P < 0.001). The increases in PGC-1 and PPAR- levels reported in this study may play an important role in the changes in muscle mitochondria content, oxidative phenotype, and sensitivity to insulin known to be induced by endurance training.

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