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Diabetes 53:S12-S18, 2004
© 2004 by the American Diabetes Association, Inc.

Section I: Genetic Factors in Type 2 Diabetes -- In Search of New Links

Structure, Activation, and Biology of Calpain

Koichi Suzuki1, Shoji Hata2, Yukiko Kawabata2, and Hiroyuki Sorimachi2

1 Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
2 Laboratory of Biological Function, Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan

Variation in the calpain 10 gene has recently been shown to be associated with type 2 diabetes by positional cloning. Since then, studies on calpain 10 have been started in correlation with diabetes and insulin-mediated signaling. In this review, the activation mechanism of calpain by calcium ions, which is essential to understand its physiological functions, is discussed on the basis of recent X-ray structural analyses. Further, special features of the structure of calpain 10 that differ from those of typical µ- or m-calpain used in most studies are summarized together with discussion of the physiological function of calpain with respect to type 2 diabetes.

Address correspondence and reprint requests to Dr. Koichi Suzuki, Pioneering Research Laboratories, 1111 Tebiro, Kamakura City, Kanagawa 248-8555, Japan. E-mail: koichi_suzuki{at}nts.toray.co.jp


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Copyright © 2004 by the American Diabetes Association.