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Nutrients Induce Different Ca²⁺ Signals in Cytosol and Nucleus in Pancreatic ß-Cells

¹ Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
² Institute of Bioengineering, Miguel Hernandez University, San Juan de Alicante, Spain
³ Department of Surgery, National University of Singapore, Singapore

Specific activation of Ca²⁺-dependent functions is achieved by the particular dynamics and local restriction of Ca²⁺ signals. It has been shown that changes in amplitude, duration, or frequency of Ca²⁺ signals modulate gene transcription. Thus, Ca²⁺ variations should be finely controlled within the nucleus. Although a variety of mechanisms in the nuclear membrane have been demonstrated to regulate nuclear Ca²⁺, the existence of an autonomous Ca²⁺ homeostasis within the nucleus is still questioned. In the pancreatic ß-cell, besides their effect on insulin secretion, Ca²⁺ messages generated by nutrients also exert their action on gene expression. However, the dynamics of these Ca²⁺ signals in relation to nuclear function have been explored little in islet cells. In the current study, Ca²⁺ changes both in the nucleoplasm and in the cytosol of INS-1 and pancreatic ß-cells were monitored using spot confocal microscopy. We show that nutrients trigger Ca²⁺ signals of higher amplitude in the nucleus than in the cytosol. These amplitude-modulated Ca²⁺ signals transmitted to the nucleus might play an important role in the control of gene expression in the pancreatic ß-cell.

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