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Integration of ATP, cAMP, and Ca²⁺ Signals in Insulin Granule Exocytosis

Division of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan

Intracellular ATP, cAMP, and Ca²⁺ are major signals involved in the regulation of insulin secretion in the pancreatic ß-cell. We recently found that the ATP-sensitive K⁺ channel (K_ATP channel) as an ATP sensor, cAMP-GEFII as a cAMP sensor, Piccolo as a Ca²⁺ sensor, and L-type voltage-dependent Ca²⁺ channel (VDCC) can interact with each other. In the present study, we examined the effects of cAMP and ATP on the interaction of cAMP-GEFII and sulfonylurea receptor-1 (SUR1). Interaction of cAMP-GEFII with SUR1 was inhibited by the cAMP analog 8-bromo-cAMP but not by ATP, and the inhibition by 8-bromo-cAMP persisted in the presence of ATP. In addition, SUR1, cAMP-GEFII, and Piccolo could form a complex. Piccolo also interacted with the ₁1.2 subunit of VDCC in a Ca²⁺-independent manner. These data suggest that the interactions of the K_ATP channel, cAMP-GEFII, Piccolo, and L-type VDCC are regulated by intracellular signals such as cAMP and Ca²⁺ and that the ATP, cAMP, and Ca²⁺ signals are integrated at a specialized region of pancreatic ß-cells.

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