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Diabetes 54:78-84, 2005
© 2005 by the American Diabetes Association, Inc.

Treatment With Granulocyte Colony–Stimulating Factor Prevents Diabetes in NOD Mice by Recruiting Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells and Functional CD4+CD25+ Regulatory T-Cells

Hassen Kared1, Annie Masson1, Homa Adle-Biassette2, Jean-François Bach1, Lucienne Chatenoud1, and Flora Zavala1

1 National Institute of Health and Medical Research, INSERM U580, Necker Enfants Malades Research Institute, Hôpital Necker, Paris, France
2 Pathology Laboratory, Bichat-Claude Bernard Hospital, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France

Accumulating evidence that granulocyte colony–stimulating factor (G-CSF), the key hematopoietic growth factor of the myeloid lineage, not only represents a major component of the endogenous response to infections, but also affects adaptive immune responses, prompted us to investigate the therapeutic potential of G-CSF in autoimmune type 1 diabetes. Treatment with G-CSF protected NOD mice from developing spontaneous diabetes. G-CSF triggered marked recruitment of dendritic cells (DCs), particularly immature CD11cloB220+ plasmacytoid DCs, with reduced costimulatory signal expression and higher interferon-{alpha} but lower interleukin-12p70 release capacity than DCs in excipient-treated mice. G-CSF recipients further displayed accumulation of functional CD4+CD25+ regulatory T-cells that produce transforming growth factor-ß1 (TGF-ß1) and actively suppressed diabetes transfer by diabetogenic effector cells in secondary NOD-SCID recipients. G-CSF’s ability to promote key tolerogenic interactions between DCs and regulatory T-cells was demonstrated by enhanced recruitment of TGF-ß1–expressing CD4+CD25+ cells after adoptive transfer of DCs isolated from G-CSF– relative to vehicle-treated mice into naive NOD recipients. The present results suggest that G-CSF, a promoter of tolerogenic DCs, may be evaluated for the treatment of human type 1 diabetes, possibly in association with direct inhibitors of T-cell activation. They also provide a rationale for a protective role of the endogenous G-CSF produced during infections in early diabetes.


Address correspondence and reprint requests to Flora Zavala, DSc, INSERM U580, Necker Institute, 161 rue de Sèvres, 75743 Paris Cedex 15, France. E-mail: zavala{at}necker.fr


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