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Diabetes 54:S4-S10, 2005
© 2005 by the American Diabetes Association, Inc.

Section I: Aspects of Pathophysiology

Characteristics of Autoimmunity in Type 1 Diabetes and Type 1.5 Overlap With Type 2 Diabetes

Hugh O. McDevitt

Department of Medicine, and Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California

This presentation is an overview of mechanisms for developing and maintaining self-tolerance in mammalian organisms. Because this meeting is focused on type 1 diabetes and its mechanisms, the discussion deals primarily with mechanisms of T-cell tolerance, since type 1 diabetes in both effector and initiator phases is primarily a T-cell–mediated autoimmune disease. Emphasis is placed on more recently discovered mechanisms of maintaining self-tolerance (autoimmune regulator [AIRE]) and a new defect in T-cell negative selection. The emerging picture is that of a polygenic disease with various combinations of different alleles of many genes with important roles in the normal immune response or normal immune responses.

Address correspondence and reprint requests to Hugh O. McDevitt,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 299 Campus Dr., D345, Stanford, CA 94305. E-mail: hughmcd{at}stanford.edu

Abbreviations: AIRE, autoimmune regulator; APECED, autoimmune polyendocrinopathy associated with cutaneous abnormalities and ectodermal dysplasia; IL, interleukin; MHC, major histocompatibility complex; TCR, T-cell receptor


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[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Copyright © 2005 by the American Diabetes Association.