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Opposite Effect of JAK2 on Insulin-Dependent Activation of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases and Akt in Muscle Cells

Possible Target to Ameliorate Insulin Resistance

Programme in Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Address correspondence and reprint requests to Amira Klip, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Ave., Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1X8. E-mail: amira{at}sickkids.ca

Abbreviations: ERK, extracellular signal–related kinase; FBS, fetal bovine serum; IRS, insulin receptor substrate; JAK, Janus kinase; MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase; PI, phosphatidylinositol; PP2A, protein phosphatase-2A; siIRS-1, siRNA targeted against IRS-1; siJAK2, siRNA targeted against JAK2; siNR, siRNA targeted against nonrelevant control; SOCS, suppressors of cytokine signaling

Many cytokines increase their receptor affinity for Janus kinases (JAKs). Activated JAK binds to signal transducers and activators of transcription, insulin receptor substrates (IRSs), and Shc. Intriguingly, insulin acting through its own receptor kinase also activates JAK2. However, the impact of such activation on insulin action remains unknown. To determine the contribution of JAK2 to insulin signaling, we transfected L6 myotubes with siRNA against JAK2 (siJAK2), reducing JAK2 protein expression by 75%. Insulin-dependent phosphorylation of IRS1/2 and Shc was not affected by siJAK2, but insulin-induced phosphorylation of the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) extracellular signal–related kinase, p38, and Jun NH₂-terminal kinase and their respective upstream kinases MKK1/2, MKK3/6, and MKK4/7 was significantly lowered when JAK2 was depleted, correlating with a significant drop in insulin-mediated cell proliferation. These effects were reproduced by the JAK2 inhibitor AG490. Conversely, insulin-stimulated Akt phosphorylation, glucose uptake, and GLUT4 translocation were not affected by siJAK2. Interestingly, in two insulin-resistant states, siJAK2 led to partial restoration of Akt phosphorylation and glucose uptake stimulation but not of the MAPK pathway. These results suggest that JAK2 may depress the Akt to glucose uptake signaling axis selectively in insulin-resistant states. Inhibition of JAK2 may be a useful strategy to relieve insulin resistance of metabolic outcomes.

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