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Published online July 15, 2008
Diabetes 57:2818-2823, 2008
DOI: 10.2337/db08-0229
© 2008 by the American Diabetes Association
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Impaired Collateral Recruitment and Outward Remodeling in Experimental Diabetes

Jolanda M. van Golde1, Matthijs S. Ruiter1, Nicolaas C. Schaper1, Stefan Vöö2, Johannes Waltenberger2, Walter H. Backes3, Mark J. Post4, and Maya S. Huijberts1

1 Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Maastricht University Medical Centre and Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht, the Netherlands
2 Department of Cardiology, Maastricht University Medical Centre and Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht, the Netherlands
3 Department of Radiology, Maastricht University Medical Centre and Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht, the Netherlands
4 Department of Physiology, Maastricht University Medical Centre and Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht, the Netherlands

Corresponding author: Jolanda M. van Golde, jmcg.vangolde{at}intmed.unimaas.nl

OBJECTIVE—In this study, the effect of chronic hyperglycemia on acute ligation-induced collateral vasodilation, on monocyte chemotaxis, and on structural outward remodeling of collaterals was investigated.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Femoral artery ligation was performed 8 weeks after alloxan or saline treatment in New Zealand White rabbits. Angiography was performed directly, 1 and 3 weeks after ligation. These angiographic recordings were used to quantify number of collaterals, lumen, and blood volume index. Reactive hyperemia response was tested by intramuscular laser Doppler measurements. Subsequently, blood was sampled from the aorta for monocyte chemotaxis.

RESULTS—Ligation resulted in markedly lower acute collateral vasodilation in diabetic compared with control rabbits. Also, hyperemic vasodilatory response to local ischemia was impaired in diabetic rabbits. This difference persisted at 1 and 3 weeks after ligation, with a lower number of visible collaterals. In addition, the collateral lumen was markedly lower in diabetic rabbits after the maturation phase. Likewise, a reduced blood volume index in the region of growing collaterals was observed in diabetic animals. The monocyte migration toward vascular endothelial growth factor-A and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 was strongly reduced in diabetic rabbits.

CONCLUSIONS—This study demonstrates that chronic hyperglycemia negatively affects the different phases of arteriogenesis: 1) impaired shear induced vasodilatation; 2) impaired outward collateral growth, reflected in the number of collaterals and blood volume index; and 3) inhibition of monocyte chemotaxis. Impairments were most evident in the acute phase of arteriogenesis. Therapies aimed at restoring acute collateral recruitment, such as vasodilators, may be of interest to improve collateral function in diabetes.


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