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Diabetes 57:1786-1787, 2008
DOI: 10.2337/db08-0527
© 2008 by the American Diabetes Association
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Commentary

Obesity: Increasing Awareness of Novel Environmental Factors

Kevin D. Niswender1,2, and Bettina M. Beech3

1 Department of Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee
2 Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
3 Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine and Public Health, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee

Corresponding author: Kevin Niswender, kevin.niswender@vanderbilt.edu

The first 20% of the full text of this article appears below.

Over the past 20 years, the molecular underpinnings of energy homeostasis have come to light (1–4) at a rate strikingly similar to that of the rising prevalence of obesity (5,6). The fact that one is statistically more likely to be overweight or obese in the U.S. today has profound ramifications for basic scientific research, translational research, public policy, and our health care economy.

Homeostatic regulation of feeding.
Current obesity statistics generate a striking contrast to abundant experimental evidence indicating that body adiposity is (or can be) a remarkably tightly regulated physiological variable (7–9), much like blood glucose concentration. Studies in rodent models, many of which have been confirmed in humans, have identified a plethora of humoral signals, neuropeptides, brain nuclei, and metabolic pathways involved in the precise physiological mechanism termed energy homeostasis (10). Primitive brain structures involved, such as the hypothalamus and hindbrain, are capable of sensing the status of body energy stores and initiating the appropriate homeostatic responses to maintain optimal body adiposity. Unfortunately, this rapidly expanding body of basic science in energy homeostasis has yet to be translated into efficacious therapies or prevention strategies for human obesity. Similarly, the limited translational research experience in obesity, which has focused on increasing physical activity, changing patterns of dietary practices, . . . [Full Text of this Article]

Human feeding behavior and nonhomeostatic mechanisms.
"Wanting" and "liking" in feeding: efficacy of stealth food marketing.
Below awareness—but moving forward.

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Related Article:

Neurophysiological Pathways to Obesity: Below Awareness and Beyond Individual Control
Deborah A. Cohen
Diabetes 2008 57: 1768-1773. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]





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Copyright © 2008 by the American Diabetes Association.