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Omentin Plasma Levels and Gene Expression are Decreased in Obesity

¹Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Medicine
²Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
³Department of Biology, University of Maryland Baltimore County
⁴Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
⁵Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
⁶Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland

Correspondence: jmcle001{at}umaryland.edu

Key Words: omentin • obesity • insulin resistance • adipose tissue

Central obesity and the accumulation of visceral fat are risk factors for the development of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Omentin is a protein expressed and secreted from visceral but not subcutaneous adipose tissue that increases insulin sensitivity in human adipocytes. To determine the impact of obesity-dependent insulin resistance on the regulation of two omentin isoforms, gene expression and plasma levels were measured in lean, overweight and obese subjects. Omentin 1 was shown to be the major circulating isoform in human plasma. Lean subjects had significantly higher plasma omentin 1 levels than obese and overweight subjects. In addition, higher plasma omentin 1 levels were detected in women compared to men. Plasma omentin 1 levels were inversely correlated with BMI, waist circumference, leptin levels and insulin resistance as measured by HOMA; and positively correlated with adiponectin and HDL levels. Both omentin 1 and omentin 2 gene expression were decreased with obesity and were highly correlated with each other in visceral adipose tissue. In summary, decreased omentin levels are associated with increasing obesity and insulin resistance. Therefore, omentin levels may be predictive of the metabolic consequences or co-morbidities associated with obesity.

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