Table of Contents

• Edwin A.M. Gale

The Rise of Childhood Type 1 Diabetes in the 20th Century

• Hiroshi Onuma,
• Haruhiko Osawa,
• Kazuya Yamada,
• Takahiro Ogura,
• Fumiko Tanabe,
• Daryl K. Granner,
• and Hideichi Makino

Identification of the Insulin-Regulated Interaction of Phosphodiesterase 3B With 14-3-3 β Protein

• Hiroaki Okazaki,
• Jun-ichi Osuga,
• Yoshiaki Tamura,
• Naoya Yahagi,
• Sachiko Tomita,
• Futoshi Shionoiri,
• Yoko Iizuka,
• Ken Ohashi,
• Kenji Harada,
• Satoshi Kimura,
• Takanari Gotoda,
• Hitoshi Shimano,
• Nobuhiro Yamada,
• and Shun Ishibashi

Lipolysis in the Absence of Hormone-Sensitive Lipase: Evidence for a Common Mechanism Regulating Distinct Lipases

• Eva Hagström-Toft,
• Veronica Qvisth,
• Inger Nennesmo,
• Mikael Rydén,
• Helene Bolinder,
• Staffan Enoksson,
• Jan Bolinder,
• and Peter Arner

Marked Heterogeneity of Human Skeletal Muscle Lipolysis at Rest

• Emma M. Bingham,
• David Hopkins,
• Diarmuid Smith,
• Andrew Pernet,
• William Hallett,
• Laurence Reed,
• Paul K. Marsden,
• and Stephanie A. Amiel

The Role of Insulin in Human Brain Glucose Metabolism: An ¹⁸Fluoro-Deoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography Study

• Joseph J. Senn,
• Peter J. Klover,
• Irena A. Nowak,
• and Robert A. Mooney

Interleukin-6 Induces Cellular Insulin Resistance in Hepatocytes

• Min Young Lee,
• Che-Hun Jung,
• Keesook Lee,
• Yung Hyun Choi,
• SunHwa Hong,
• and JaeHun Cheong

Activating Transcription Factor-2 Mediates Transcriptional Regulation of Gluconeogenic Gene PEPCK by Retinoic Acid

• Ayako Ikezaki,
• Hiroshi Hosoda,
• Keiko Ito,
• Saika Iwama,
• Naoko Miura,
• Hisafumi Matsuoka,
• Chisato Kondo,
• Masayasu Kojima,
• Kenji Kangawa,
• and Shigetaka Sugihara

Fasting Plasma Ghrelin Levels Are Negatively Correlated With Insulin Resistance and PAI-1, but Not With Leptin, in Obese Children and Adolescents

• Adrian K. Hewson,
• Loraine Y.C. Tung,
• David W. Connell,
• Laura Tookman,
• and Suzanne L. Dickson

The Rat Arcuate Nucleus Integrates Peripheral Signals Provided by Leptin, Insulin, and a Ghrelin Mimetic

• Amanda Sainsbury,
• Christoph Schwarzer,
• Michelle Couzens,
• and Herbert Herzog

Y2 Receptor Deletion Attenuates the Type 2 Diabetic Syndrome of ob/ob Mice

• Breay W. Paty,
• Edmond A. Ryan,
• A.M. James Shapiro,
• Jonathan R.T. Lakey,
• and R. Paul Robertson

Intrahepatic Islet Transplantation in Type 1 Diabetic Patients Does Not Restore Hypoglycemic Hormonal Counterregulation or Symptom Recognition After Insulin Independence

• Gillian M. Beattie,
• Anthony M.P. Montgomery,
• Ana D. Lopez,
• Ergeng Hao,
• Brandon Perez,
• Margaret L. Just,
• Jonathan R.T. Lakey,
• Marquis E. Hart,
• and Alberto Hayek

A Novel Approach to Increase Human Islet Cell Mass While Preserving β-Cell Function

• Mitsuhiro Nakazaki,
• Ana Crane,
• Min Hu,
• Victor Seghers,
• Susanne Ullrich,
• Lydia Aguilar-Bryan,
• and Joseph Bryan

cAMP-Activated Protein Kinase-Independent Potentiation of Insulin Secretion by cAMP Is Impaired in SUR1 Null Islets

• Simon R. Smukler,
• Lan Tang,
• Michael B. Wheeler,
• and Anne Marie F. Salapatek

Exogenous Nitric Oxide and Endogenous Glucose-Stimulated β-Cell Nitric Oxide Augment Insulin Release

• Yi Pang,
• Dacia L. Hunton,
• Pam Bounelis,
• and Richard B. Marchase

Hyperglycemia Inhibits Capacitative Calcium Entry and Hypertrophy in Neonatal Cardiomyocytes

• Terence J. Wilkin,
• Bradley S. Metcalf,
• Michael J. Murphy,
• Joanne Kirkby,
• Alison N. Jeffery,
• and Linda D. Voss

The Relative Contributions of Birth Weight, Weight Change, and Current Weight to Insulin Resistance in Contemporary 5-Year-Olds: The EarlyBird Study

• Delphine Jaquet,
• David A. Trégouët,
• Thierry Godefroy,
• Viviane Nicaud,
• Didi Chevenne,
• Laurence Tiret,
• Paul Czernichow,
• and Claire Lévy-Marchal

Combined Effects of Genetic and Environmental Factors on Insulin Resistance Associated With Reduced Fetal Growth

• Kirsti Hällsten,
• Kirsi A. Virtanen,
• Fredrik Lönnqvist,
• Hannu Sipilä,
• Airi Oksanen,
• Tapio Viljanen,
• Tapani Rönnemaa,
• Jorma Viikari,
• Juhani Knuuti,
• and Pirjo Nuutila

Rosiglitazone but Not Metformin Enhances Insulin- and Exercise-Stimulated Skeletal Muscle Glucose Uptake in Patients With Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes

• Fabien Forcheron,
• Ana Cachefo,
• Sylvie Thevenon,
• Claudie Pinteur,
• and Michel Beylot

Mechanisms of the Triglyceride- and Cholesterol-Lowering Effect of Fenofibrate in Hyperlipidemic Type 2 Diabetic Patients

• Michelle G. Wallis,
• Catherine M. Wheatley,
• Stephen Rattigan,
• Eugene J. Barrett,
• Andrew D.H. Clark,
• and Michael G. Clark

Insulin-Mediated Hemodynamic Changes Are Impaired in Muscle of Zucker Obese Rats

• Jing Zhang,
• Chiara Gerhardinger,
• and Mara Lorenzi

Early Complement Activation and Decreased Levels of Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-Anchored Complement Inhibitors in Human and Experimental Diabetic Retinopathy

• Xiaodan Wang,
• Seán Shaw,
• Farhad Amiri,
• Douglas C. Eaton,
• and Mario B. Marrero

Inhibition of the JAK/STAT Signaling Pathway Prevents the High Glucose-Induced Increase in TGF-β and Fibronectin Synthesis in Mesangial Cells

• James Varani,
• Patricia Perone,
• Matthew G. Merfert,
• Sang Eun Moon,
• Dennis Larkin,
• and Martin J. Stevens

All-trans Retinoic Acid Improves Structure and Function of Diabetic Rat Skin in Organ Culture

• Kieren J. Mather,
• Bahram Mirzamohammadi,
• Amale Lteif,
• Helmut O. Steinberg,
• and Alain D. Baron

Endothelin Contributes to Basal Vascular Tone and Endothelial Dysfunction in Human Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes

• Duanping Liao,
• Mercedes Carnethon,
• Gregory W. Evans,
• Wayne E. Cascio,
• and Gerardo Heiss

Lower Heart Rate Variability Is Associated With the Development of Coronary Heart Disease in Individuals With Diabetes: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study

• Michael Morcos,
• Ahmed A.R. Sayed,
• Angelika Bierhaus,
• Benito Yard,
• Rüdiger Waldherr,
• Wolfgang Merz,
• Ingrid Kloeting,
• Erwin Schleicher,
• Stefani Mentz,
• Randa F. Abd el Baki,
• Hans Tritschler,
• Michael Kasper,
• Vedat Schwenger,
• Andreas Hamann,
• Klaus A. Dugi,
• Anne-Marie Schmidt,
• David Stern,
• Reinhard Ziegler,
• Hans U. Haering,
• Martin Andrassy,
• Fokko van der Woude,
• and Peter P. Nawroth

Activation of Tubular Epithelial Cells in Diabetic Nephropathy

• Cees J. Tack,
• Petra J. van Gurp,
• Courtney Holmes,
• and David S. Goldstein

Local Sympathetic Denervation in Painful Diabetic Neuropathy

• Martin Ridderstråle,
• Emma Carlsson,
• Mia Klannemark,
• Anna Cederberg,
• Christina Kösters,
• Hans Tornqvist,
• Heidi Storgaard,
• Allan Vaag,
• Sven Enerbäck,
• and Leif Groop

FOXC2 mRNA Expression and a 5′ Untranslated Region Polymorphism of the Gene Are Associated With Insulin Resistance

• Søren K. Rasmussen,
• Søren A. Urhammer,
• Lars Berglund,
• Jan N. Jensen,
• Lars Hansen,
• Søren M. Echwald,
• Knut Borch-Johnsen,
• Yukio Horikawa,
• Hirosato Mashima,
• Hans Lithell,
• Nancy J. Cox,
• Torben Hansen,
• Graeme I. Bell,
• and Oluf Pedersen

Variants Within the Calpain-10 Gene on Chromosome 2q37 (NIDDM1) and Relationships to Type 2 Diabetes, Insulin Resistance, and Impaired Acute Insulin Secretion Among Scandinavian Caucasians

• Lisa J. Martin,
• Anthony G. Comuzzie,
• Sophie Dupont,
• Nathalie Vionnet,
• Christian Dina,
• Sophie Gallina,
• Mouna Houari,
• John Blangero,
• and Philippe Froguel

A Quantitative Trait Locus Influencing Type 2 Diabetes Susceptibility Maps to a Region on 5q in an Extended French Family

• Daniela Contu,
• Laura Morelli,
• Patrizia Zavattari,
• Rosanna Lampis,
• Efisio Angius,
• Paola Frongia,
• Daniela Murru,
• Mario Maioli,
• Paolo Francalacci,
• John A. Todd,
• and Francesco Cucca

Sex-Related Bias and Exclusion Mapping of the Nonrecombinant Portion of Chromosome Y in Human Type 1 Diabetes in the Isolated Founder Population of Sardinia

• Chunmei Huang,
• Youngki Kim,
• Maria Luiza A. Caramori,
• Alfred J. Fish,
• Stephen S. Rich,
• Michael E. Miller,
• Gregory B. Russell,
• and Michael Mauer

Cellular Basis of Diabetic Nephropathy: II. The Transforming Growth Factor-β System and Diabetic Nephropathy Lesions in Type 1 Diabetes

• Rodrig Marculescu,
• Georg Endler,
• Martin Schillinger,
• Nelly Iordanova,
• Markus Exner,
• Evelyn Hayden,
• Kurt Huber,
• Oswald Wagner,
• and Christine Mannhalter

Interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist Genotype Is Associated With Coronary Atherosclerosis in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes

• Robert A. Hegele,
• Henian Cao,
• Christy Frankowski,
• Suresh T. Mathews,
• and Todd Leff

PPARG F388L, a Transactivation-Deficient Mutant, in Familial Partial Lipodystrophy

Errata

Errata