Genetic Risk Determines the Emergence of Diabetes-Associated Autoantibodies in Young Children
Article Figures & Tables
Figures
- FIG. 1.
Kaplan-Meier survival curve of children who remained ICA-negative during the 5-year postnatal follow-up. Children with moderate or high genetic risk for type 1 diabetes were compared. At ages 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, the number of children at moderate genetic risk was 3,608, 2,598, 1,489, 792, 380, and 57, respectively. At ages 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, the number of children at high genetic risk was 982, 712, 427, 250, 128, and 22, respectively.
- FIG. 2.
The proportion of ICA-positive children who had moderate or high genetic risk for type 1 diabetes and who were positive for ICA only or also positive for one, two, or three additional autoantibodies (abs).
- FIG. 3.
Scatter-plot diagram of maximum ICA titers according to the number of autoantibodies. Note that other diabetes-associated autoantibodies were measured only in children who had been ICA positive at least once.
- FIG. 4.
The combinations of IAA, GADA, and IA-2A positivity in ICA-positive children with moderate or high genetic risk for type 1 diabetes. Absolute numbers (%) are shown.
- FIG. 5.
The time of ICA seroconversion was standardized for all 137 ICA-seroconverted children to be time 0 on the x-axis. The seroconversion times of IAAs (red circles), GADAs (green), and IA-2As (blue) were compared with ICA seroconversion time above the x-axis. The mean differences (95% CI) in the seroconversion times are presented. The current follow-up times after ICA seroconversion of the children who constantly have remained negative for IAAs, GADAs, or IA-2As in all samples are shown underneath the x-axis.
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