Table of Contents

• Mark A. Atkinson

Thirty Years of Investigating the Autoimmune Basis for Type 1 Diabetes: Why Can’t We Prevent or Reverse This Disease?

• Daniel Porte, Jr.,
• Denis G. Baskin,
• and Michael W. Schwartz

Insulin Signaling in the Central Nervous System: A Critical Role in Metabolic Homeostasis and Disease From C. elegans to Humans

• Mireille J.M. Serlie,
• Jacco H. de Haan,
• Cees J. Tack,
• Hein J. Verberne,
• Mariette T. Ackermans,
• Arend Heerschap,
• and Hans P. Sauerwein

Glycogen Synthesis in Human Gastrocnemius Muscle Is Not Representative of Whole-Body Muscle Glycogen Synthesis

• Dustin S. Hittel,
• Yetrib Hathout,
• Eric P. Hoffman,
• and Joseph A. Houmard

Proteome Analysis of Skeletal Muscle From Obese and Morbidly Obese Women

• Pernille Poulsen,
• Jørgen F.P. Wojtaszewski,
• Inge Petersen,
• Kaare Christensen,
• Erik A. Richter,
• Henning Beck-Nielsen,
• and Allan Vaag

Impact of Genetic Versus Environmental Factors on the Control of Muscle Glycogen Synthase Activation in Twins

• Fredrik Karpe,
• Barbara A. Fielding,
• Simon W. Coppack,
• Victor J. Lawrence,
• Ian A. Macdonald,
• and Keith N. Frayn

Oscillations of Fatty Acid and Glycerol Release From Human Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue In Vivo

• Hiroaki Satoh,
• M.T. Audrey Nguyen,
• Maria Trujillo,
• Takeshi Imamura,
• Isao Usui,
• Philipp E. Scherer,
• and Jerrold M. Olefsky

Adenovirus-Mediated Adiponectin Expression Augments Skeletal Muscle Insulin Sensitivity in Male Wistar Rats

• Sudha B. Biddinger,
• Katrine Almind,
• Makoto Miyazaki,
• Efi Kokkotou,
• James M. Ntambi,
• and C. Ronald Kahn

Effects of Diet and Genetic Background on Sterol Regulatory Element-Binding Protein-1c, Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase 1, and the Development of the Metabolic Syndrome

• Jari Rossi,
• Paavo Santamäki,
• Matti S. Airaksinen,
• and Karl-Heinz Herzig

Parasympathetic Innervation and Function of Endocrine Pancreas Requires the Glial Cell Line–Derived Factor Family Receptor α2 (GFRα2)

• Marc Foretz,
• Nicolas Ancellin,
• Fabrizio Andreelli,
• Yannick Saintillan,
• Pascal Grondin,
• Axel Kahn,
• Bernard Thorens,
• Sophie Vaulont,
• and Benoît Viollet

Short-Term Overexpression of a Constitutively Active Form of AMP-Activated Protein Kinase in the Liver Leads to Mild Hypoglycemia and Fatty Liver

• Masaki Fujimoto,
• Nobuyuki Shimizu,
• Kaiko Kunii,
• J.A. Jeevendra Martyn,
• Kohjiro Ueki,
• and Masao Kaneki

A Role for iNOS in Fasting Hyperglycemia and Impaired Insulin Signaling in the Liver of Obese Diabetic Mice

• Carrie E. McCurdy and
• Gregory D. Cartee

Akt2 Is Essential for the Full Effect of Calorie Restriction on Insulin-Stimulated Glucose Uptake in Skeletal Muscle

• Pascale Bardoux,
• Pili Zhang,
• Daisy Flamez,
• Anaïs Perilhou,
• Tiphaine Aguirre Lavin,
• Jean-François Tanti,
• Karine Hellemans,
• Emmanuel Gomas,
• Cécile Godard,
• Fabrizio Andreelli,
• Maria Antonietta Buccheri,
• Axel Kahn,
• Yannick Le Marchand-Brustel,
• Rémy Burcelin,
• Frans Schuit,
• and Mireille Vasseur-Cognet

Essential Role of Chicken Ovalbumin Upstream Promoter-Transcription Factor II in Insulin Secretion and Insulin Sensitivity Revealed by Conditional Gene Knockout

• Ruth Andrew,
• Jukka Westerbacka,
• John Wahren,
• Hannele Yki-Järvinen,
• and Brian R. Walker

The Contribution of Visceral Adipose Tissue to Splanchnic Cortisol Production in Healthy Humans

• Johannes Erdmann,
• Florian Lippl,
• Stefan Wagenpfeil,
• and Volker Schusdziarra

Differential Association of Basal and Postprandial Plasma Ghrelin With Leptin, Insulin, and Type 2 Diabetes

• Ulf Risérus,
• Garry D. Tan,
• Barbara A. Fielding,
• Matt J. Neville,
• Jenny Currie,
• David B. Savage,
• V. Krishna Chatterjee,
• Keith N. Frayn,
• Stephen O’Rahilly,
• and Fredrik Karpe

Rosiglitazone Increases Indexes of Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase Activity in Humans: Link to Insulin Sensitization and the Role of Dominant-Negative Mutation in Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-γ

• Ken-ichi Inokuma,
• Yuko Ogura-Okamatsu,
• Chitoku Toda,
• Kazuhiro Kimura,
• Hitoshi Yamashita,
• and Masayuki Saito

Uncoupling Protein 1 Is Necessary for Norepinephrine-Induced Glucose Utilization in Brown Adipose Tissue

• Iwona Bogacka,
• Hui Xie,
• George A. Bray,
• and Steven R. Smith

Pioglitazone Induces Mitochondrial Biogenesis in Human Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue In Vivo

• Hongjun Wang,
• Soo Sun Lee,
• Wenda Gao,
• Eva Czismadia,
• James McDaid,
• Robert Öllinger,
• Miguel P. Soares,
• Kenichiro Yamashita,
• and Fritz H. Bach

Donor Treatment With Carbon Monoxide Can Yield Islet Allograft Survival and Tolerance

• Todd M. Brusko,
• Clive H. Wasserfall,
• Michael J. Clare-Salzler,
• Desmond A. Schatz,
• and Mark A. Atkinson

Functional Defects and the Influence of Age on the Frequency of CD4⁺CD25⁺ T-Cells in Type 1 Diabetes

• Sylvaine You,
• Mériam Belghith,
• Stephen Cobbold,
• Marie-Alexandra Alyanakian,
• Christine Gouarin,
• Samia Barriot,
• Corinne Garcia,
• Herman Waldmann,
• Jean-François Bach,
• and Lucienne Chatenoud

Autoimmune Diabetes Onset Results From Qualitative Rather Than Quantitative Age-Dependent Changes in Pathogenic T-Cells

• Shi-Jun Zheng,
• Salah-Eddine Lamhamedi-Cherradi,
• Pu Wang,
• Lingyun Xu,
• and Youhai H. Chen

Tumor Suppressor p53 Inhibits Autoimmune Inflammation and Macrophage Function

• Lucy D. Mastrandrea,
• Shawn M. Sessanna,
• and Suzanne G. Laychock

Sphingosine Kinase Activity and Sphingosine-1 Phosphate Production in Rat Pancreatic Islets and INS-1 Cells: Response to Cytokines

• Hainan Chen,
• Xiaoyan Li,
• and Paul N. Epstein

MnSOD and Catalase Transgenes Demonstrate That Protection of Islets From Oxidative Stress Does Not Alter Cytokine Toxicity

• Simon J. Fisher,
• Jens C. Brüning,
• Scott Lannon,
• and C. Ronald Kahn

Insulin Signaling in the Central Nervous System Is Critical for the Normal Sympathoadrenal Response to Hypoglycemia

• Sang Won Suh,
• Koji Aoyama,
• Yasuhiko Matsumori,
• Jialing Liu,
• and Raymond A. Swanson

Pyruvate Administered After Severe Hypoglycemia Reduces Neuronal Death and Cognitive Impairment

• Håkan K.R. Karlsson,
• Kirsti Hällsten,
• Marie Björnholm,
• Hiroki Tsuchida,
• Alexander V. Chibalin,
• Kirsi A. Virtanen,
• Olli J. Heinonen,
• Fredrik Lönnqvist,
• Pirjo Nuutila,
• and Juleen R. Zierath

Effects of Metformin and Rosiglitazone Treatment on Insulin Signaling and Glucose Uptake in Patients With Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Controlled Study

• Garth J.S. Cooper,
• Yih-Kai Chan,
• Ajith M. Dissanayake,
• Fiona E. Leahy,
• Geraldine F. Keogh,
• Chris M. Frampton,
• Gregory D. Gamble,
• Dianne H. Brunton,
• John R. Baker,
• and Sally D. Poppitt

Demonstration of a Hyperglycemia-Driven Pathogenic Abnormality of Copper Homeostasis in Diabetes and Its Reversibility by Selective Chelation: Quantitative Comparisons Between the Biology of Copper and Eight Other Nutritionally Essential Elements in Normal and Diabetic Individuals

• Deeqa A. Mahamed,
• Annette Marleau,
• Mawadda Alnaeeli,
• Bhagirath Singh,
• Xiaoxia Zhang,
• Joseph M. Penninger,
• and Yen-Tung A. Teng

G(−) Anaerobes–Reactive CD4⁺ T-Cells Trigger RANKL-Mediated Enhanced Alveolar Bone Loss in Diabetic NOD Mice

• Chana Yagil,
• Adiel Barak,
• David Ben-Dor,
• Eliezer Rosenmann,
• Joel Bernheim,
• Mordechai Rosner,
• Yael Segev,
• Sarah Weksler-Zangen,
• Itamar Raz,
• and Yoram Yagil

Nonproteinuric Diabetes-Associated Nephropathy in the Cohen Rat Model of Type 2 Diabetes

• Anders A.F. Sima and
• Zhen-guo Li

The Effect of C-Peptide on Cognitive Dysfunction and Hippocampal Apoptosis in Type 1 Diabetic Rats

• Fritz Maingrette and
• Geneviève Renier

Linoleic Acid Increases Lectin-Like Oxidized LDL Receptor-1 (LOX-1) Expression in Human Aortic Endothelial Cells

• Fei Li,
• Viktor R. Drel,
• Csaba Szabó,
• Martin J. Stevens,
• and Irina G. Obrosova

Low-Dose Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase Inhibitor-Containing Combination Therapies Reverse Early Peripheral Diabetic Neuropathy

• Peter Hovind,
• Troels Krarup Hansen,
• Lise Tarnow,
• Steffen Thiel,
• Rudi Steffensen,
• Allan Flyvbjerg,
• and Hans-Henrik Parving

Mannose-Binding Lectin as a Predictor of Microalbuminuria in Type 1 Diabetes: An Inception Cohort Study

• Viktor J. Horváth,
• Harsha Vittal,
• and Tamás Ördög

Reduced Insulin and IGF-I Signaling, not Hyperglycemia, Underlies the Diabetes-Associated Depletion of Interstitial Cells of Cajal in the Murine Stomach

• Sahng Y. Kim,
• Mary A. Johnson,
• D. Scott McLeod,
• Theresa Alexander,
• Barbara C. Hansen,
• and Gerard A. Lutty

Neutrophils Are Associated With Capillary Closure in Spontaneously Diabetic Monkey Retinas

• Heiko Kämpfer,
• Ronald Schmidt,
• Gerd Geisslinger,
• Josef Pfeilschifter,
• and Stefan Frank

Wound Inflammation in Diabetic ob/ob Mice : Functional Coupling of Prostaglandin Biosynthesis to Cyclooxygenase-1 Activity in Diabetes-Impaired Wound Healing

• David E. Johnson,
• Hanae Yamazaki,
• Karen M. Ward,
• Anne W. Schmidt,
• Wesley S. Lebel,
• Judith L. Treadway,
• E. Michael Gibbs,
• Walter S. Zawalich,
• and Hans Rollema

Inhibitory Effects of Antipsychotics on Carbachol-Enhanced Insulin Secretion From Perifused Rat Islets: Role of Muscarinic Antagonism in Antipsychotic-Induced Diabetes and Hyperglycemia

• J. Kyle Krady,
• Anirban Basu,
• Colleen M. Allen,
• Yuping Xu,
• Kathryn F. LaNoue,
• Thomas W. Gardner,
• and Steven W. Levison

Minocycline Reduces Proinflammatory Cytokine Expression, Microglial Activation, and Caspase-3 Activation in a Rodent Model of Diabetic Retinopathy

Intensive Lifestyle Intervention or Metformin on Inflammation and Coagulation in Participants With Impaired Glucose Tolerance

• David Montanari,
• Hang Yin,
• Eric Dobrzynski,
• Jun Agata,
• Hideaki Yoshida,
• Julie Chao,
• and Lee Chao

Kallikrein Gene Delivery Improves Serum Glucose and Lipid Profiles and Cardiac Function in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats

• Tom Hearn,
• Cosma Spalluto,
• Victoria J. Phillips,
• Glenn L. Renforth,
• Nane Copin,
• Neil A. Hanley,
• and David I. Wilson

Subcellular Localization of ALMS1 Supports Involvement of Centrosome and Basal Body Dysfunction in the Pathogenesis of Obesity, Insulin Resistance, and Type 2 Diabetes

• L. Leigh Field,
• Vagn Bonnevie-Nielsen,
• Flemming Pociot,
• Shao Lu,
• Thomas B. Nielsen,
• and Henning Beck-Nielsen

OAS1 Splice Site Polymorphism Controlling Antiviral Enzyme Activity Influences Susceptibility to Type 1 Diabetes

• Li Li,
• Yun Shi,
• Xueren Wang,
• Weiwei Shi,
• and Chun Jiang

Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in K_ATP Channels: Muscular Impact on Type 2 Diabetes

• Lijun Ma,
• P. Antonio Tataranni,
• Robert L. Hanson,
• Aniello M. Infante,
• Sayuko Kobes,
• Clifton Bogardus,
• and Leslie J. Baier

Variations in Peptide YY and Y2 Receptor Genes Are Associated With Severe Obesity in Pima Indian Men

• Darcy P. Pomerleau,
• Rebecca J. Bagley,
• David V. Serreze,
• Clayton E. Mathews,
• and Edward H. Leiter

Major Histocompatibility Complex–Linked Diabetes Susceptibility in NOD/Lt Mice: Subcongenic Analysis Localizes a Component of Idd16 at the H2-D End of the Diabetogenic H2^g7 Complex

• Lu Qi,
• Tricia Li,
• Eric Rimm,
• Cuilin Zhang,
• Nader Rifai,
• David Hunter,
• Alessandro Doria,
• and Frank B. Hu

The +276 Polymorphism of the APM1 Gene, Plasma Adiponectin Concentration, and Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetic Men