Sex-Discordant Associations With Adiponectin Levels and Lipid Profiles in Children
- Ken K. Ong12,
- Jan Frystyk3,
- Allan Flyvbjerg3,
- Clive J. Petry2,
- the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children Study Team4,
- Andy Ness4 and
- David B. Dunger2
- 1Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cambridge, U.K
- 2Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, U.K
- 3The Medical Research Laboratories Clinical Institute and Medical Department M (Diabetes and Endocrinology), Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- 4Unit of Pediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology, Department of Community Based Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, U.K
- Address correspondence and reprint requests to Dr. Ken K. Ong, MRC Epidemiology Unit, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Wort’s Causeway, Cambridge CB1 8RN U.K. E-mail: ken.ong{at}mrc-epid.cam.ac.uk
Abstract
In adults, lower circulating levels of the adipocyte-derived hormone adiponectin are associated with obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease risks. Its use as a risk marker in children is less clear. In 839 children aged 8 years from a representative birth cohort, circulating adiponectin levels were associated with body weight, BMI, waist circumference, and fasting and 30-min insulin levels, but the associations were opposite in boys, with positive associations, and girls, with inverse associations (P = 0.008–0.00001 for interaction with sex). Girls had overall higher adiponectin, higher total cholesterol, lower HDL cholesterol, and higher triglyceride levels than boys, even after adjustment for BMI. With increasing BMI, girls showed steeper declines in HDL cholesterol (P = 0.01 for interaction) and adiponectin levels (P = 0.0005 for interaction) and a steeper increase in triglyceride levels (P = 0.009 for interaction) compared with boys. In conclusion, plasma adiponectin is not a simple marker of central fat and insulin sensitivity in children. With increasing BMI, decreasing adiponectin levels in girls could contribute to their faster deterioration in lipid profiles in comparison with boys. Our data suggest a complex age- and sex-related regulation of adiponectin secretion or clearance.
Footnotes
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Additional information for this article can be found in an online appendix at http://diabetes.diabetesjournals.org.
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The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. The article must therefore be hereby marked “advertisement” in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.
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- Accepted February 3, 2006.
- Received September 29, 2005.
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