Table of Contents

• Philipp E. Scherer

Adipose Tissue: From Lipid Storage Compartment to Endocrine Organ

• Alex Mas,
• Joel Montané,
• Xavier M. Anguela,
• Sergio Muñoz,
• Anne M. Douar,
• Efren Riu,
• Pedro Otaegui,
• and Fatima Bosch

Reversal of Type 1 Diabetes by Engineering a Glucose Sensor in Skeletal Muscle

• Paul D. van Poelje,
• Scott C. Potter,
• Visvanathan C. Chandramouli,
• Bernard R. Landau,
• Qun Dang,
• and Mark D. Erion

Inhibition of Fructose 1,6-Bisphosphatase Reduces Excessive Endogenous Glucose Production and Attenuates Hyperglycemia in Zucker Diabetic Fatty Rats

• Rory J. McCrimmon,
• Xiaoning Fan,
• Haiying Cheng,
• Ewan McNay,
• Owen Chan,
• Margaret Shaw,
• Yuyan Ding,
• Wanling Zhu,
• and Robert S. Sherwin

Activation of AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Within the Ventromedial Hypothalamus Amplifies Counterregulatory Hormone Responses in Rats With Defective Counterregulation

• Preeti Kishore,
• Julia Tonelli,
• Sudha Koppaka,
• Corina Fratila,
• Anita Bose,
• Do-Eun Lee,
• Kalpana Reddy,
• and Meredith Hawkins

Time-Dependent Effects of Free Fatty Acids on Glucose Effectiveness in Type 2 Diabetes

• Martin Ellmerer,
• Marianthe Hamilton-Wessler,
• Stella P. Kim,
• Katrin Huecking,
• Erlinda Kirkman,
• Jenny Chiu,
• Joyce Richey,
• and Richard N. Bergman

Reduced Access to Insulin-Sensitive Tissues in Dogs With Obesity Secondary to Increased Fat Intake

• Raffaella Cancello,
• Joan Tordjman,
• Christine Poitou,
• Gaël Guilhem,
• Jean Luc Bouillot,
• Danielle Hugol,
• Christiane Coussieu,
• Arnaud Basdevant,
• Avner Bar Hen,
• Pierre Bedossa,
• Michèle Guerre-Millo,
• and Karine Clément

Increased Infiltration of Macrophages in Omental Adipose Tissue Is Associated With Marked Hepatic Lesions in Morbid Human Obesity

• Ingrid Dahlman,
• Margaretha Forsgren,
• Annelie Sjögren,
• Elisabet Arvidsson Nordström,
• Maria Kaaman,
• Erik Näslund,
• Anneli Attersand,
• and Peter Arner

Downregulation of Electron Transport Chain Genes in Visceral Adipose Tissue in Type 2 Diabetes Independent of Obesity and Possibly Involving Tumor Necrosis Factor-α

• Laurie L. Baggio,
• Dianne Holland,
• Joan Wither,
• and Daniel J. Drucker

Lymphocytic Infiltration and Immune Activation in Metallothionein Promoter–Exendin-4 (MT-Exendin) Transgenic Mice

• Manuela Battaglia,
• Angela Stabilini,
• Elena Draghici,
• Barbara Migliavacca,
• Silvia Gregori,
• Ezio Bonifacio,
• and Maria-Grazia Roncarolo

Induction of Tolerance in Type 1 Diabetes via Both CD4⁺CD25⁺ T Regulatory Cells and T Regulatory Type 1 Cells

• Sara C. Martinez,
• Corentin Cras-Méneur,
• Ernesto Bernal-Mizrachi,
• and M. Alan Permutt

Glucose Regulates Foxo1 Through Insulin Receptor Signaling in the Pancreatic Islet β-cell

• Xiaoyan Li,
• Hainan Chen,
• and Paul N. Epstein

Metallothionein and Catalase Sensitize to Diabetes in Nonobese Diabetic Mice: Reactive Oxygen Species May Have a Protective Role in Pancreatic β-Cells

• Fanny Lalloyer,
• Brigitte Vandewalle,
• Frédéric Percevault,
• Gérard Torpier,
• Julie Kerr-Conte,
• Maaike Oosterveer,
• Réjane Paumelle,
• Jean-Charles Fruchart,
• Folkert Kuipers,
• François Pattou,
• Catherine Fiévet,
• and Bart Staels

Peroxisome Proliferator–Activated Receptor α Improves Pancreatic Adaptation to Insulin Resistance in Obese Mice and Reduces Lipotoxicity in Human Islets

• Ya Wen Chen,
• Chun Fa Huang,
• Keh Sung Tsai,
• Rong Sen Yang,
• Cheng Chieh Yen,
• Ching Yao Yang,
• Shoei Yn Lin-Shiau,
• and Shing Hwa Liu

The Role of Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase/Akt Signaling in Low-Dose Mercury–Induced Mouse Pancreatic β-Cell Dysfunction In Vitro and In Vivo

• Françoise Homo-Delarche,
• Sophie Calderari,
• Jean-Claude Irminger,
• Marie-Noëlle Gangnerau,
• Josiane Coulaud,
• Katharina Rickenbach,
• Manuel Dolz,
• Philippe Halban,
• Bernard Portha,
• and Patricia Serradas

Islet Inflammation and Fibrosis in a Spontaneous Model of Type 2 Diabetes, the GK Rat

• Hélène Poirier,
• Jennifer S. Shapiro,
• Roy J. Kim,
• and Mitchell A. Lazar

Nutritional Supplementation With trans-10, cis-12–Conjugated Linoleic Acid Induces Inflammation of White Adipose Tissue

• Augustina M.A. Brands,
• Roy P.C. Kessels,
• Roel P.L.M. Hoogma,
• Johanna M.L. Henselmans,
• Johanna W. van der Beek Boter,
• L. Jaap Kappelle,
• Edward H.F. de Haan,
• and Geert Jan Biessels

Cognitive Performance, Psychological Well-Being, and Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Older Patients With Type 1 Diabetes

• Michiel E. Stegenga,
• Saskia N. van der Crabben,
• Marcel Levi,
• Alex F. de Vos,
• Michael W. Tanck,
• Hans P. Sauerwein,
• and Tom van der Poll

Hyperglycemia Stimulates Coagulation, Whereas Hyperinsulinemia Impairs Fibrinolysis in Healthy Humans

• Seok Won Park,
• Bret H. Goodpaster,
• Elsa S. Strotmeyer,
• Nathalie de Rekeneire,
• Tamara B. Harris,
• Ann V. Schwartz,
• Frances A. Tylavsky,
• and Anne B. Newman

Decreased Muscle Strength and Quality in Older Adults With Type 2 Diabetes: The Health, Aging, and Body Composition Study

• Pernille Poulsen and
• Allan Vaag

The Intrauterine Environment as Reflected by Birth Size and Twin and Zygosity Status Influences Insulin Action and Intracellular Glucose Metabolism in an Age- or Time-Dependent Manner

• Stefano Menini,
• Lorena Amadio,
• Giovanna Oddi,
• Carlo Ricci,
• Carlo Pesce,
• Francesco Pugliese,
• Marco Giorgio,
• Enrica Migliaccio,
• PierGiuseppe Pelicci,
• Carla Iacobini,
• and Giuseppe Pugliese

Deletion of p66^Shc Longevity Gene Protects Against Experimental Diabetic Glomerulopathy by Preventing Diabetes-Induced Oxidative Stress

• Radko Komers,
• William E. Schutzer,
• John F. Reed,
• Jessie N. Lindsley,
• Terry T. Oyama,
• David C. Buck,
• Scott L. Mader,
• and Sharon Anderson

Altered Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase Targeting and Conformation and Caveolin-1 Expression in the Diabetic Kidney

• Toyohiko Yokoi,
• Keisuke Fukuo,
• Osamu Yasuda,
• Mizuo Hotta,
• Junichi Miyazaki,
• Yukihiro Takemura,
• Hidenobu Kawamoto,
• Hidenori Ichijo,
• and Toshio Ogihara

Apoptosis Signal-Regulating Kinase 1 Mediates Cellular Senescence Induced by High Glucose in Endothelial Cells

• Tatsuo Okada,
• Jun Wada,
• Kazuyuki Hida,
• Jun Eguchi,
• Izumi Hashimoto,
• Masako Baba,
• Akihiro Yasuhara,
• Kenichi Shikata,
• and Hirofumi Makino

Thiazolidinediones Ameliorate Diabetic Nephropathy via Cell Cycle–Dependent Mechanisms

• Joshua J. Wang,
• Sarah X. Zhang,
• Robert Mott,
• Ryan R. Knapp,
• Wei Cao,
• Kai Lau,
• and Jian-xing Ma

Salutary Effect of Pigment Epithelium–Derived Factor in Diabetic Nephropathy: Evidence for Antifibrogenic Activities

• Olga Ilnytska,
• Valeriy V. Lyzogubov,
• Martin J. Stevens,
• Viktor R. Drel,
• Nazar Mashtalir,
• Pal Pacher,
• Mark A. Yorek,
• and Irina G. Obrosova

Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase Inhibition Alleviates Experimental Diabetic Sensory Neuropathy

• Chunmei Huang,
• Youngki Kim,
• M. Luiza Caramori,
• Jason H. Moore,
• Stephen S. Rich,
• Josyf C. Mychaleckyj,
• Paul C. Walker,
• and Michael Mauer

Diabetic Nephropathy Is Associated With Gene Expression Levels of Oxidative Phosphorylation and Related Pathways

• Ravi Retnakaran,
• Carole A. Cull,
• Kerensa I. Thorne,
• Amanda I. Adler,
• and Rury R. Holman

Risk Factors for Renal Dysfunction in Type 2 Diabetes: U.K. Prospective Diabetes Study 74

• Raogo Ouedraogo,
• Xiangdong Wu,
• Shi-Qiong Xu,
• Lauren Fuchsel,
• Hiroyuki Motoshima,
• Kalyankar Mahadev,
• Kelly Hough,
• Rosario Scalia,
• and Barry J. Goldstein

Adiponectin Suppression of High-Glucose–Induced Reactive Oxygen Species in Vascular Endothelial Cells: Evidence for Involvement of a cAMP Signaling Pathway

• Sally A. Price,
• Carolyn Dent,
• Beatriz Duran-Jimenez,
• Yuxin Liang,
• Lei Zhang,
• Edward J. Rebar,
• Casey C. Case,
• Philip D. Gregory,
• Tyler J. Martin,
• S. Kaye Spratt,
• and David R. Tomlinson

Gene Transfer of an Engineered Transcription Factor Promoting Expression of VEGF-A Protects Against Experimental Diabetic Neuropathy

• James Mu,
• John Woods,
• Yun-Ping Zhou,
• Ranabir Sinha Roy,
• Zhihua Li,
• Emanuel Zycband,
• Yue Feng,
• Lan Zhu,
• Cai Li,
• Andrew D. Howard,
• David. E. Moller,
• Nancy A. Thornberry,
• and Bei B. Zhang

Chronic Inhibition of Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 With a Sitagliptin Analog Preserves Pancreatic β-Cell Mass and Function in a Rodent Model of Type 2 Diabetes

• David J. Baker,
• Paul L. Greenhaff,
• Alan MacInnes,
• and James A. Timmons

The Experimental Type 2 Diabetes Therapy Glycogen Phosphorylase Inhibition Can Impair Aerobic Muscle Function During Prolonged Contraction

• Kenju Shimomura,
• Christophe A.J. Girard,
• Peter Proks,
• Joanna Nazim,
• Jonathan D. Lippiat,
• Franco Cerutti,
• Renata Lorini,
• Sian Ellard,
• Andrew T. Hattersley,
• Fabrizio Barbetti,
• and Frances M. Ashcroft

Mutations at the Same Residue (R50) of Kir6.2 (KCNJ11) That Cause Neonatal Diabetes Produce Different Functional Effects

• Jørn V. Sagen,
• Stella Odili,
• Lise Bjørkhaug,
• Dorothy Zelent,
• Carol Buettger,
• Jae Kwagh,
• Charles Stanley,
• Knut Dahl-Jørgensen,
• Carine de Beaufort,
• Graeme I. Bell,
• Yi Han,
• Joseph Grimsby,
• Rebecca Taub,
• Anders Molven,
• Oddmund Søvik,
• Pål R. Njølstad,
• and Franz M. Matschinsky

From Clinicogenetic Studies of Maturity-Onset Diabetes of the Young to Unraveling Complex Mechanisms of Glucokinase Regulation

• Xiuqing Guo,
• Mohammed F. Saad,
• Carl D. Langefeld,
• Adrienne H. Williams,
• Jinrui Cui,
• Kent D. Taylor,
• Jill M. Norris,
• Sujata Jinagouda,
• Christine H. Darwin,
• Braxton D. Mitchell,
• Richard N. Bergman,
• Beth Sutton,
• Y.-D. Ida Chen,
• Lynne E. Wagenknecht,
• Donald W. Bowden,
• and Jerome I. Rotter

Genome-Wide Linkage of Plasma Adiponectin Reveals a Major Locus on Chromosome 3q Distinct From the Adiponectin Structural Gene: The IRAS Family Study

• Peter Proks,
• Christophe Girard,
• Halvor Bævre,
• Pål R. Njølstad,
• and Frances M. Ashcroft

Functional Effects of Mutations at F35 in the NH₂-terminus of Kir6.2 (KCNJ11), Causing Neonatal Diabetes, and Response to Sulfonylurea Therapy

• Chia-Wei Lin,
• Yu-Wen Lin,
• Fei-Fei Yan,
• Jillene Casey,
• Malini Kochhar,
• Emily B. Pratt,
• and Show-Ling Shyng

Kir6.2 Mutations Associated With Neonatal Diabetes Reduce Expression of ATP-Sensitive K⁺ channels: Implications in Disease Mechanism and Sulfonylurea Therapy

• Koji Nakanishi and
• Hidetoshi Inoko

Combination of HLA-A24, -DQA1*03, and -DR9 Contributes to Acute-Onset and Early Complete β-Cell Destruction in Type 1 Diabetes: Longitudinal Study of Residual β-Cell Function

• Atul Deshmukh,
• Vernon G. Coffey,
• Zhihui Zhong,
• Alexander V. Chibalin,
• John A. Hawley,
• and Juleen R. Zierath

Exercise-Induced Phosphorylation of the Novel Akt Substrates AS160 and Filamin A in Human Skeletal Muscle

• Francesc X. Soriano,
• Marc Liesa,
• Daniel Bach,
• David C. Chan,
• Manuel Palacín,
• and Antonio Zorzano

Evidence for a Mitochondrial Regulatory Pathway Defined by Peroxisome Proliferator–Activated Receptor-γ Coactivator-1α, Estrogen-Related Receptor-α, and Mitofusin 2

• Jakob Ek,
• Sara P. Hansen,
• Maria Lajer,
• Carine Nicot,
• Trine W. Boesgaard,
• Stepanka Pruhova,
• Anders Johansen,
• Anders Albrechtsen,
• Knud Yderstræde,
• Jeannet Lauenborg,
• Marcelina Parrizas,
• Sylvia F. Boj,
• Torben Jørgensen,
• Knut Borch-Johnsen,
• Peter Damm,
• Jorge Ferrer,
• Jan Lebl,
• Oluf Pedersen,
• and Torben Hansen

A Novel −192c/g Mutation in the Proximal P2 Promoter of the Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor-4α Gene (HNF4A) Associates With Late-Onset Diabetes

• Vincent P. Diego,
• Harald H.H. Göring,
• Shelley A. Cole,
• Laura Almasy,
• Thomas D. Dyer,
• John Blangero,
• Ravindranath Duggirala,
• Sandra Laston,
• Charlotte Wenger,
• Teresa Cantu,
• Bennett Dyke,
• Kari North,
• Theodore Schurr,
• Lyle G. Best,
• Richard B. Devereux,
• Richard R. Fabsitz,
• Barbara V. Howard,
• and Jean W. MacCluer

Fasting Insulin and Obesity-Related Phenotypes Are Linked to Chromosome 2p: The Strong Heart Family Study

• Elisabet Einarsdottir,
• Sofia Mayans,
• Karin Ruikka,
• Stefan A. Escher,
• Petter Lindgren,
• Åsa Ågren,
• Mats Eliasson,
• and Dan Holmberg

Linkage but Not Association of Calpain-10 to Type 2 Diabetes Replicated in Northern Sweden

• Christopher J. Groves,
• Eleftheria Zeggini,
• Mark Walker,
• Graham A. Hitman,
• Jonathan C. Levy,
• Stephen O’Rahilly,
• Andrew T. Hattersley,
• Mark I. McCarthy,
• and Steven Wiltshire

Significant Linkage of BMI to Chromosome 10p in the U.K. Population and Evaluation of GAD2 as a Positional Candidate

• Minal Desai,
• Eleftheria Zeggini,
• Virginia A. Horton,
• Katharine R. Owen,
• Andrew T. Hattersley,
• Jonathan C. Levy,
• Graham A. Hitman,
• Mark Walker,
• Rury R. Holman,
• Mark I. McCarthy,
• and Anne Clark

The Variable Number of Tandem Repeats Upstream of the Insulin Gene Is a Susceptibility Locus for Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults

• Emma L. Edghill,
• Rachel J. Dix,
• Sarah E. Flanagan,
• Polly J. Bingley,
• Andrew T. Hattersley,
• Sian Ellard,
• and Kathleen M. Gillespie

HLA Genotyping Supports a Nonautoimmune Etiology in Patients Diagnosed With Diabetes Under the Age of 6 Months

• Helge Ræder,
• Lise Bjørkhaug,
• Stefan Johansson,
• Kjersti Mangseth,
• Jørn V. Sagen,
• Anne Hunting,
• Ivar Følling,
• Odd Johansen,
• Marit Bjørgaas,
• Povel N. Paus,
• Oddmund Søvik,
• Anders Molven,
• and Pål R. Njølstad

A Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor-4α Gene (HNF4A) P2 Promoter Haplotype Linked With Late-Onset Diabetes: Studies of HNF4A Variants in the Norwegian MODY Registry

Errata