Table of Contents

Signal Transduction

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- Renaud Dentin,
- Fadila Benhamed,
- Isabelle Hainault,
- Véronique Fauveau,
- Fabienne Foufelle,
- Jason R.B. Dyck,
- Jean Girard,
- and Catherine Postic
Liver-Specific Inhibition of ChREBP Improves Hepatic Steatosis and Insulin Resistance in ob/ob Mice
Diabetes August 2006 55:2159-2170; doi:10.2337/db06-0200
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- Katrin Schmelzle,
- Susan Kane,
- Scott Gridley,
- Gustav E. Lienhard,
- and Forest M. White
Temporal Dynamics of Tyrosine Phosphorylation in Insulin Signaling
Diabetes August 2006 55:2171-2179; doi:10.2337/db06-0148
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- Mengwei Zang,
- Shanqin Xu,
- Karlene A. Maitland-Toolan,
- Adriana Zuccollo,
- Xiuyun Hou,
- Bingbing Jiang,
- Michel Wierzbicki,
- Tony J. Verbeuren,
- and Richard A. Cohen
Polyphenols Stimulate AMP-Activated Protein Kinase, Lower Lipids, and Inhibit Accelerated Atherosclerosis in Diabetic LDL Receptor–Deficient Mice
Diabetes August 2006 55:2180-2191; doi:10.2337/db05-1188
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- Xing Li Wang,
- Lin Zhang,
- Keith Youker,
- Ming-Xiang Zhang,
- Jian Wang,
- Scott A. LeMaire,
- Joseph S. Coselli,
- and Ying H. Shen
Free Fatty Acids Inhibit Insulin Signaling–Stimulated Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase Activation Through Upregulating PTEN or Inhibiting Akt Kinase
Diabetes August 2006 55:2301-2310; doi:10.2337/db05-1574
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- Young I. Kim,
- Felix N. Lee,
- Woo S. Choi,
- Sarah Lee,
- and Jang H. Youn
Insulin Regulation of Skeletal Muscle PDK4 mRNA Expression Is Impaired in Acute Insulin-Resistant States
Diabetes August 2006 55:2311-2317; doi:10.2337/db05-1606

Islet Studies

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- Lucy Marzban,
- Christopher J. Rhodes,
- Donald F. Steiner,
- Leena Haataja,
- Philippe A. Halban,
- and C. Bruce Verchere
Impaired NH₂-Terminal Processing of Human Proislet Amyloid Polypeptide by the Prohormone Convertase PC2 Leads to Amyloid Formation and Cell Death
Diabetes August 2006 55:2192-2201; doi:10.2337/db05-1566
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- Reini F. Luco,
- Miguel A. Maestro,
- Natalia del Pozo,
- William M. Philbrick,
- Pablo Perez de la Ossa,
- and Jorge Ferrer
A Conditional Model Reveals That Induction of Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor-1α in Hnf1α-Null Mutant β-Cells Can Activate Silenced Genes Postnatally, Whereas Overexpression Is Deleterious
Diabetes August 2006 55:2202-2211; doi:10.2337/db05-1534
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- Eugene Estella,
- Mark D. McKenzie,
- Tara Catterall,
- Vivien R. Sutton,
- Phillip I. Bird,
- Joseph A. Trapani,
- Thomas W. Kay,
- and Helen E. Thomas
Granzyme B–Mediated Death of Pancreatic β-Cells Requires the Proapoptotic BH3-Only Molecule Bid
Diabetes August 2006 55:2212-2219; doi:10.2337/db06-0129
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- Safia Costes,
- Christophe Broca,
- Gyslaine Bertrand,
- Anne-Dominique Lajoix,
- Dominique Bataille,
- Joel Bockaert,
- and Stéphane Dalle
ERK1/2 Control Phosphorylation and Protein Level of cAMP-Responsive Element–Binding Protein: A Key Role in Glucose-Mediated Pancreatic β-Cell Survival
Diabetes August 2006 55:2220-2230; doi:10.2337/db05-1618
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- Albert Salehi,
- Elaine Vieira,
- and Erik Gylfe
Paradoxical Stimulation of Glucagon Secretion by High Glucose Concentrations
Diabetes August 2006 55:2318-2323; doi:10.2337/db06-0080
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- Juris J. Meier,
- Irene Hong-McAtee,
- Ryan Galasso,
- Johannes D. Veldhuis,
- Antoinette Moran,
- Bernhard J. Hering,
- and Peter C. Butler
Intrahepatic Transplanted Islets in Humans Secrete Insulin in a Coordinate Pulsatile Manner Directly Into the Liver
Diabetes August 2006 55:2324-2332; doi:10.2337/db06-0069

Complications

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- Valentina Marchetti,
- Rossella Menghini,
- Stefano Rizza,
- Alessia Vivanti,
- Tiziana Feccia,
- Davide Lauro,
- Akiyoshi Fukamizu,
- Renato Lauro,
- and Massimo Federici
Benfotiamine Counteracts Glucose Toxicity Effects on Endothelial Progenitor Cell Differentiation via Akt/FoxO Signaling
Diabetes August 2006 55:2231-2237; doi:10.2337/db06-0369
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- Xianwen Yi and
- Nobuyo Maeda
α-Lipoic Acid Prevents the Increase in Atherosclerosis Induced by Diabetes in Apolipoprotein E–Deficient Mice Fed High-Fat/Low-Cholesterol Diet
Diabetes August 2006 55:2238-2244; doi:10.2337/db06-0251
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- Takuhito Shoji,
- Hidenori Koyama,
- Tomoaki Morioka,
- Shinji Tanaka,
- Akane Kizu,
- Kohka Motoyama,
- Katsuhito Mori,
- Shinya Fukumoto,
- Atsushi Shioi,
- Noriko Shimogaito,
- Masayoshi Takeuchi,
- Yasuhiko Yamamoto,
- Hideto Yonekura,
- Hiroshi Yamamoto,
- and Yoshiki Nishizawa
Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products Is Involved in Impaired Angiogenic Response in Diabetes
Diabetes August 2006 55:2245-2255; doi:10.2337/db05-1375

Pharmacology & Therapeutics

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- Yun S. Lee,
- Woo S. Kim,
- Kang H. Kim,
- Myung J. Yoon,
- Hye J. Cho,
- Yun Shen,
- Ji-Ming Ye,
- Chul H. Lee,
- Won K. Oh,
- Chul T. Kim,
- Cordula Hohnen-Behrens,
- Alison Gosby,
- Edward W. Kraegen,
- David E. James,
- and Jae B. Kim
Berberine, a Natural Plant Product, Activates AMP-Activated Protein Kinase With Beneficial Metabolic Effects in Diabetic and Insulin-Resistant States
Diabetes August 2006 55:2256-2264; doi:10.2337/db06-0006
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- Tero Saukkonen,
- Fariba Shojaee-Moradie,
- Rachel M. Williams,
- Rakesh Amin,
- Kevin C. Yuen,
- Angie Watts,
- Carlo L. Acerini,
- A. Margot Umpleby,
- and David B. Dunger
Effects of Recombinant Human IGF-I/IGF-Binding Protein-3 Complex on Glucose and Glycerol Metabolism in Type 1 Diabetes
Diabetes August 2006 55:2365-2370; doi:10.2337/db05-1646
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- Yayoi Taniguchi,
- Tatsuhiko Ooie,
- Naohiko Takahashi,
- Tetsuji Shinohara,
- Mikiko Nakagawa,
- Hidetoshi Yonemochi,
- Masahide Hara,
- Hironobu Yoshimatsu,
- and Tetsunori Saikawa
Pioglitazone but Not Glibenclamide Improves Cardiac Expression of Heat Shock Protein 72 and Tolerance Against Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in the Heredity Insulin-Resistant Rat
Diabetes August 2006 55:2371-2378; doi:10.2337/db06-0268

Genetics

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- Daria Estrada-Smith,
- Alan R. Collins,
- Xuping Wang,
- Craig Crockett,
- Lawrence Castellani,
- Aldons J. Lusis,
- and Richard C. Davis
Impact of Chromosome 2 Obesity Loci on Cardiovascular Complications of Insulin Resistance in LDL Receptor–Deficient C57BL/6 Mice
Diabetes August 2006 55:2265-2271; doi:10.2337/db06-0377

Brief Genetics Reports

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- Anna L. Gloyn,
- Deborah J.G. Mackay,
- Michael N. Weedon,
- Mark I. McCarthy,
- Mark Walker,
- Graham Hitman,
- Bridget A. Knight,
- Katharine R. Owen,
- Andrew T. Hattersley,
- and Timothy M. Frayling
Assessment of the Role of Common Genetic Variation in the Transient Neonatal Diabetes Mellitus (TNDM) Region in Type 2 Diabetes: A Comparative Genomic and Tagging Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Approach
Diabetes August 2006 55:2272-2276; doi:10.2337/db06-0216
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- Norihide Yokoi,
- Masao Kanamori,
- Yukio Horikawa,
- Jun Takeda,
- Tokio Sanke,
- Hiroto Furuta,
- Kishio Nanjo,
- Hiroyuki Mori,
- Masato Kasuga,
- Kazuo Hara,
- Takashi Kadowaki,
- Yukio Tanizawa,
- Yoshitomo Oka,
- Yukiko Iwami,
- Hisako Ohgawara,
- Yuichiro Yamada,
- Yutaka Seino,
- Hideki Yano,
- Nancy J. Cox,
- and Susumu Seino
Association Studies of Variants in the Genes Involved in Pancreatic β-Cell Function in Type 2 Diabetes in Japanese Subjects
Diabetes August 2006 55:2379-2386; doi:10.2337/db05-1203
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- Ingrid Rietveld,
- M. Kamran Ikram,
- Johannes R. Vingerling,
- Albert Hofman,
- Huibert A.P. Pols,
- Steven W.J. Lamberts,
- Paulus T.V.M. de Jong,
- Cornelia M. van Duijn,
- and Joop A.M.J.L. Janssen
An IGF-I Gene Polymorphism Modifies the Risk of Diabetic Retinopathy
Diabetes August 2006 55:2387-2391; doi:10.2337/db06-0021

Metabolism

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- Gautam K. Bandyopadhyay,
- Joseph G. Yu,
- Jachelle Ofrecio,
- and Jerrold M. Olefsky
Increased Malonyl-CoA Levels in Muscle From Obese and Type 2 Diabetic Subjects Lead to Decreased Fatty Acid Oxidation and Increased Lipogenesis; Thiazolidinedione Treatment Reverses These Defects
Diabetes August 2006 55:2277-2285; doi:10.2337/db06-0062
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- Raffaella Crescenzo,
- Lillà Lionetti,
- Maria Pina Mollica,
- Marialuisa Ferraro,
- Elvira D’Andrea,
- Davide Mainieri,
- Abdul G. Dulloo,
- Giovanna Liverini,
- and Susanna Iossa
Altered Skeletal Muscle Subsarcolemmal Mitochondrial Compartment During Catch-Up Fat After Caloric Restriction
Diabetes August 2006 55:2286-2293; doi:10.2337/db06-0312
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- John G. Jones,
- Ana Fagulha,
- Cristina Barosa,
- Margarida Bastos,
- Luisa Barros,
- Carla Baptista,
- M. Madalena Caldeira,
- and Manuela Carvalheiro
Noninvasive Analysis of Hepatic Glycogen Kinetics Before and After Breakfast with Deuterated Water and Acetaminophen
Diabetes August 2006 55:2294-2300; doi:10.2337/db06-0304

Pathophysiology

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- Abel López-Bermejo,
- Javad Khosravi,
- José Manuel Fernández-Real,
- Vivian Hwa,
- Katherine L. Pratt,
- Roser Casamitjana,
- Maria M. Garcia-Gil,
- Ron G. Rosenfeld,
- and Wifredo Ricart
Insulin Resistance Is Associated With Increased Serum Concentration of IGF-Binding Protein–Related Protein 1 (IGFBP-rP1/MAC25)
Diabetes August 2006 55:2333-2339; doi:10.2337/db05-1627
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- Christian Herder,
- Markku Peltonen,
- Wolfgang Koenig,
- Ilka Kräft,
- Sylvia Müller-Scholze,
- Stephan Martin,
- Timo Lakka,
- Pirjo Ilanne-Parikka,
- Johan G. Eriksson,
- Helena Hämäläinen,
- Sirkka Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi,
- Timo T. Valle,
- Matti Uusitupa,
- Jaana Lindström,
- Hubert Kolb,
- and Jaakko Tuomilehto
Systemic Immune Mediators and Lifestyle Changes in the Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes: Results From the Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study
Diabetes August 2006 55:2340-2346; doi:10.2337/db05-1320
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- Aleksey V. Matveyenko,
- Johannes D. Veldhuis,
- and Peter C. Butler
Mechanisms of Impaired Fasting Glucose and Glucose Intolerance Induced by a ∼50% Pancreatectomy
Diabetes August 2006 55:2347-2356; doi:10.2337/db06-0345
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- Steven E. Kahn,
- Bernard Zinman,
- Steven M. Haffner,
- M. Colleen O’Neill,
- Barbara G. Kravitz,
- Dahong Yu,
- Martin I. Freed,
- William H. Herman,
- Rury R. Holman,
- Nigel P. Jones,
- John M. Lachin,
- Giancarlo C. Viberti,
- and the ADOPT Study Group
Obesity Is a Major Determinant of the Association of C-Reactive Protein Levels and the Metabolic Syndrome in Type 2 Diabetes
Diabetes August 2006 55:2357-2364; doi:10.2337/db06-0116

Perspectives in Diabetes

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- Boris Draznin
Molecular Mechanisms of Insulin Resistance: Serine Phosphorylation of Insulin Receptor Substrate-1 and Increased Expression of p85α: The Two Sides of a Coin
Diabetes August 2006 55:2392-2397; doi:10.2337/db06-0391

Signal Transduction

Liver-Specific Inhibition of ChREBP Improves Hepatic Steatosis and Insulin Resistance in ob/ob Mice

Temporal Dynamics of Tyrosine Phosphorylation in Insulin Signaling

Polyphenols Stimulate AMP-Activated Protein Kinase, Lower Lipids, and Inhibit Accelerated Atherosclerosis in Diabetic LDL Receptor–Deficient Mice

Free Fatty Acids Inhibit Insulin Signaling–Stimulated Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase Activation Through Upregulating PTEN or Inhibiting Akt Kinase

Insulin Regulation of Skeletal Muscle PDK4 mRNA Expression Is Impaired in Acute Insulin-Resistant States

Islet Studies

Impaired NH2-Terminal Processing of Human Proislet Amyloid Polypeptide by the Prohormone Convertase PC2 Leads to Amyloid Formation and Cell Death

A Conditional Model Reveals That Induction of Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor-1α in Hnf1α-Null Mutant β-Cells Can Activate Silenced Genes Postnatally, Whereas Overexpression Is Deleterious

Granzyme B–Mediated Death of Pancreatic β-Cells Requires the Proapoptotic BH3-Only Molecule Bid

ERK1/2 Control Phosphorylation and Protein Level of cAMP-Responsive Element–Binding Protein: A Key Role in Glucose-Mediated Pancreatic β-Cell Survival

Paradoxical Stimulation of Glucagon Secretion by High Glucose Concentrations

Intrahepatic Transplanted Islets in Humans Secrete Insulin in a Coordinate Pulsatile Manner Directly Into the Liver

Complications

Benfotiamine Counteracts Glucose Toxicity Effects on Endothelial Progenitor Cell Differentiation via Akt/FoxO Signaling

α-Lipoic Acid Prevents the Increase in Atherosclerosis Induced by Diabetes in Apolipoprotein E–Deficient Mice Fed High-Fat/Low-Cholesterol Diet

Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products Is Involved in Impaired Angiogenic Response in Diabetes

Pharmacology & Therapeutics

Berberine, a Natural Plant Product, Activates AMP-Activated Protein Kinase With Beneficial Metabolic Effects in Diabetic and Insulin-Resistant States

Effects of Recombinant Human IGF-I/IGF-Binding Protein-3 Complex on Glucose and Glycerol Metabolism in Type 1 Diabetes

Pioglitazone but Not Glibenclamide Improves Cardiac Expression of Heat Shock Protein 72 and Tolerance Against Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in the Heredity Insulin-Resistant Rat

Genetics

Impact of Chromosome 2 Obesity Loci on Cardiovascular Complications of Insulin Resistance in LDL Receptor–Deficient C57BL/6 Mice

Brief Genetics Reports

Assessment of the Role of Common Genetic Variation in the Transient Neonatal Diabetes Mellitus (TNDM) Region in Type 2 Diabetes: A Comparative Genomic and Tagging Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Approach

Association Studies of Variants in the Genes Involved in Pancreatic β-Cell Function in Type 2 Diabetes in Japanese Subjects

An IGF-I Gene Polymorphism Modifies the Risk of Diabetic Retinopathy

Metabolism

Increased Malonyl-CoA Levels in Muscle From Obese and Type 2 Diabetic Subjects Lead to Decreased Fatty Acid Oxidation and Increased Lipogenesis; Thiazolidinedione Treatment Reverses These Defects

Altered Skeletal Muscle Subsarcolemmal Mitochondrial Compartment During Catch-Up Fat After Caloric Restriction

Noninvasive Analysis of Hepatic Glycogen Kinetics Before and After Breakfast with Deuterated Water and Acetaminophen

Pathophysiology

Insulin Resistance Is Associated With Increased Serum Concentration of IGF-Binding Protein–Related Protein 1 (IGFBP-rP1/MAC25)

Systemic Immune Mediators and Lifestyle Changes in the Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes: Results From the Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study

Mechanisms of Impaired Fasting Glucose and Glucose Intolerance Induced by a ∼50% Pancreatectomy

Obesity Is a Major Determinant of the Association of C-Reactive Protein Levels and the Metabolic Syndrome in Type 2 Diabetes

Perspectives in Diabetes

Molecular Mechanisms of Insulin Resistance: Serine Phosphorylation of Insulin Receptor Substrate-1 and Increased Expression of p85α: The Two Sides of a Coin

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Impaired NH₂-Terminal Processing of Human Proislet Amyloid Polypeptide by the Prohormone Convertase PC2 Leads to Amyloid Formation and Cell Death