Evidence of Interaction Between PPARG2 and HNF4A Contributing to Variation in Insulin Sensitivity in Mexican Americans
- Mary Helen Black1,
- Tasha E. Fingerlin2,
- Hooman Allayee1,3,
- Weiming Zhang2,
- Anny H. Xiang1,
- Enrique Trigo4,
- Jaana Hartiala1,3,
- Allison B. Lehtinen5,
- Steven M. Haffner6,
- Richard N. Bergman7,
- Richard C. McEachin8,
- Siri L. Kjos9,
- Jean M. Lawrence10,
- Thomas A. Buchanan4,7 and
- Richard M. Watanabe1,7
- 1Department of Preventive Medicine, Division of Biostatistics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
- 2Department of Preventive Medicine and Biometrics, University of Colorado at Denver and Health Sciences Center, Denver, Colorado
- 3Institute for Genetic Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
- 4Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
- 5Department of Biochemistry and Center for Human Genomics, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
- 6Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Epidemiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
- 7Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
- 8Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- 9Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
- 10Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, California
- Address correspondence and reprint requests to Richard M. Watanabe, PhD, Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1540 Alcazar St., CHP-220, Los Angeles, CA 90089-9011. E-mail: rwatanab{at}usc.edu
Abstract
OBJECTIVE—We hypothesized that interaction between PPARG2 Pro12Ala and variants in the promoter region of HNF4A are associated with type 2 diabetes–related quantitative traits in Mexican-American families of a proband with previous gestational diabetes.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—The BetaGene project genotyped PPARG2 Pro12Ala and nine HNF4A single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 473 individuals in 89 families. Members of the proband generation had fasting glucose <126 mg/dl and were phenotyped by oral and intravenous glucose tolerance tests.
RESULTS—Neither PPARG2 Pro12Ala nor any of the nine HNF4A SNPs were independently associated with type 2 diabetes–related quantitative traits. However, the interaction between PPARG2 Pro12Ala and HNF4A rs2144908 was significantly associated with both insulin sensitivity (SI) (Bonferroni P = 0.0006) and 2-h insulin (Bonferroni P = 0.039). Subjects with at least one PPARG2 Ala allele and homozygous for the HNF4A rs2144908 A allele had 40% higher SI compared with individuals with at least one G allele. SI did not vary by rs2144908 genotype among PPARG2 Pro/Pro. The interaction result for SI was replicated by the Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Family Study (P = 0.018) in their San Antonio sample (n = 484) where subjects with at least one PPARG2 Ala allele and homozygous for the HNF4A rs2144908 A allele had a 29% higher SI compared with individuals with at least one G allele. However, the interaction was not replicated in their San Luis Valley sample (n = 496; P = 0.401).
CONCLUSIONS—Together, these results suggest that variation in PPARG2 and HNF4A may interact to regulate insulin sensitivity in Mexican Americans at risk for type 2 diabetes.
- AIR, acute insulin response
- GDM, gestational diabetes mellitus
- IRASFS, Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Family Study
- IVGTT, intravenous glucose tolerance test
- MTTP, microsomal triglyceride transfer protein
- OGTT, oral glucose tolerance test
- SNP, single nucleotide polymorphism
Footnotes
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Published ahead of print at http://diabetes.diabetesjournals.org on 25 January 2008. DOI: 10.2337/db07-0848.
M.H.B. and T.E.F. made equal intellectual contributions to and share first authorship of this work.
Additional information for this article can be found in an online appendix at http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/db07-0848.
The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked “advertisement” in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.
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- Received June 22, 2007.
- Accepted December 19, 2007.
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