HLA DR-DQ Haplotypes and Genotypes and Type 1 Diabetes Risk

Analysis of the Type 1 Diabetes Genetics Consortium Families

  1. Henry Erlich12,
  2. Ana Maria Valdes2,
  3. Janelle Noble2,
  4. Joyce A. Carlson3,
  5. Mike Varney4,
  6. Pat Concannon5,
  7. Josyf C. Mychaleckyj5,
  8. John A. Todd6,
  9. Persia Bonella2,
  10. Anna Lisa Fear2,
  11. Eva Lavant3,
  12. Anthony Louey4,
  13. Priscilla Moonsamy1 and
  14. for the Type 1 Diabetes Genetics Consortium
  1. 1Roche Molecular Systems, Alameda, California
  2. 2Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, California
  3. 3Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
  4. 4Victorian Transplantation and Immunogenetics Service, Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Melbourne, Australia
  5. 5Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
  6. 6Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation/Wellcome Trust Diabetes and Inflammation Laboratory, Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge, U.K
  1. Address correspondence and reprint requests to Henry A. Erlich, PhD, Roche Molecular Systems, 1145 Atlantic Ave., Alameda, CA 94501. E-mail: Henry.Erlich{at}Roche.com

Abstract

OBJECTIVE—The Type 1 Diabetes Genetics Consortium has collected type 1 diabetic families worldwide for genetic analysis. The major genetic determinants of type 1 diabetes are alleles at the HLA-DRB1 and DQB1 loci, with both susceptible and protective DR-DQ haplotypes present in all human populations. The aim of this study is to estimate the risk conferred by specific DR-DQ haplotypes and genotypes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS:—Six hundred and seven Caucasian families and 38 Asian families were typed at high resolution for the DRB1, DQA1, and DQB1 loci. The association analysis was performed by comparing the frequency of DR-DQ haplotypes among the chromosomes transmitted to an affected child with the frequency of chromosomes not transmitted to any affected child.

RESULTS—A number of susceptible, neutral, and protective DR-DQ haplotypes have been identified, and a statistically significant hierarchy of type 1 diabetes risk has been established. The most susceptible haplotypes are the DRB1*0301-DQA1*0501-DQB1*0201 (odds ratio [OR] 3.64) and the DRB1*0405-DQA1*0301-DQB1*0302, DRB1*0401-DQA1*0301-DQB*0302, and DRB1*0402-DQA1*0301-DQB1*0302 haplotypes (ORs 11.37, 8.39, and 3.63), followed by the DRB1*0404-DQA1*0301-DQB1*0302 (OR 1.59) and the DRB1*0801-DQB1*0401-DQB1*0402 (OR 1.25) haplotypes. The most protective haplotypes are DRB1*1501-DQA1*0102-DQB1*0602 (OR 0.03), DRB1*1401-DQA1*0101-DQB1*0503 (OR 0.02), and DRB1*0701-DQA1*0201-DQB1*0303 (OR 0.02).

CONCLUSIONS—Specific combinations of alleles at the DRB1, DQA1, and DQB1 loci determine the extent of haplotypic risk. The comparison of closely related DR-DQ haplotype pairs with different type 1 diabetes risks allowed identification of specific amino acid positions critical in determining disease susceptibility. These data also indicate that the risk associated with specific HLA haplotypes can be influenced by the genotype context and that the trans-complementing heterodimer encoded by DQA1*0501 and DQB1*0302 confers very high risk.

Footnotes

  • Published ahead of print at http://diabetes.diabetesjournals.org on 5 February 2008. DOI: 10.2337/db07-1331.

  • Additional information for this article can be found in an online appendix at http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/db07-1331.

  • The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked “advertisement” in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.

    • Accepted January 14, 2008.
    • Received September 18, 2007.
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  1. Published online before print February 5, 2008, doi: 10.2337/db07-1331 Diabetes April 2008 vol. 57 no. 4 1084-1092
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