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Obesity Studies

Dietary Polyphenols Promote Growth of the Gut Bacterium Akkermansia muciniphila and Attenuate High-Fat Diet–Induced Metabolic Syndrome

  1. Diana E. Roopchand1,2⇑,
  2. Rachel N. Carmody3,
  3. Peter Kuhn1,
  4. Kristin Moskal2,
  5. Patricio Rojas-Silva1,
  6. Peter J. Turnbaugh3 and
  7. Ilya Raskin1⇑
  1. 1School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ
  2. 2Nutrasorb, LLC, North Brunswick, NJ
  3. 3G.W. Hooper Research Foundation, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
  1. Corresponding authors: Diana E. Roopchand, roopchand{at}aesop.rutgers.edu, and Ilya Raskin, raskin{at}aesop.rutgers.edu.
Diabetes 2015 Aug; 64(8): 2847-2858. https://doi.org/10.2337/db14-1916
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Abstract

Dietary polyphenols protect against metabolic syndrome, despite limited absorption and digestion, raising questions about their mechanism of action. We hypothesized that one mechanism may involve the gut microbiota. To test this hypothesis, C57BL/6J mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) containing 1% Concord grape polyphenols (GP). Relative to vehicle controls, GP attenuated several effects of HFD feeding, including weight gain, adiposity, serum inflammatory markers (tumor necrosis factor [TNF]α, interleukin [IL]-6, and lipopolysaccharide), and glucose intolerance. GP lowered intestinal expression of inflammatory markers (TNFα, IL-6, inducible nitric oxide synthase) and a gene for glucose absorption (Glut2). GP increased intestinal expression of genes involved in barrier function (occludin) and limiting triglyceride storage (fasting-induced adipocyte factor). GP also increased intestinal gene expression of proglucagon, a precursor of proteins that promote insulin production and gut barrier integrity. 16S rRNA gene sequencing and quantitative PCR of cecal and fecal samples demonstrated that GP dramatically increased the growth of Akkermansia muciniphila and decreased the proportion of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes, consistent with prior reports that similar changes in microbial community structure can protect from diet-induced obesity and metabolic disease. These data suggest that GP act in the intestine to modify gut microbial community structure, resulting in lower intestinal and systemic inflammation and improved metabolic outcomes. The gut microbiota may thus provide the missing link in the mechanism of action of poorly absorbed dietary polyphenols.

Footnotes

  • This article contains Supplementary Data online at http://diabetes.diabetesjournals.org/lookup/suppl/doi:10.2337/db14-1916/-/DC1.

  • Received December 19, 2014.
  • Accepted March 28, 2015.
  • © 2015 by the American Diabetes Association. Readers may use this article as long as the work is properly cited, the use is educational and not for profit, and the work is not altered.
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Dietary Polyphenols Promote Growth of the Gut Bacterium Akkermansia muciniphila and Attenuate High-Fat Diet–Induced Metabolic Syndrome
Diana E. Roopchand, Rachel N. Carmody, Peter Kuhn, Kristin Moskal, Patricio Rojas-Silva, Peter J. Turnbaugh, Ilya Raskin
Diabetes Aug 2015, 64 (8) 2847-2858; DOI: 10.2337/db14-1916

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Dietary Polyphenols Promote Growth of the Gut Bacterium Akkermansia muciniphila and Attenuate High-Fat Diet–Induced Metabolic Syndrome
Diana E. Roopchand, Rachel N. Carmody, Peter Kuhn, Kristin Moskal, Patricio Rojas-Silva, Peter J. Turnbaugh, Ilya Raskin
Diabetes Aug 2015, 64 (8) 2847-2858; DOI: 10.2337/db14-1916
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