BMI Changes during Childhood and Adolescence as Predictors of Amount Adult Subcutaneous and Visceral Adipose Tissue in Men – the GOOD Study
- Jenny M Kindblom, MD, PhD (jenny.kindblom{at}gu.se)1,
- Mattias Lorentzon, MD, PhD1,
- Åsa Hellqvist, MSc2,
- Lars Lönn, MD, PhD3,4,
- John Brandberg, MD3,
- Staffan Nilsson, PhD5,
- Ensio Norjavaara, MD, PhD6 and
- Claes Ohlsson, MD, PhD1
- 1Center for Bone Research, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy at Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden
- 2Swegene Bioinformatics, The Sahlgrenska Academy at Gothenburg University at Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden
- 3Department of Radiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden
- 4Department of Radiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- 5Department of Mathematical Statistics, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden
- 6Gothenburg Paediatric Growth Research Center, Institute for Health of Women and Children, The Sahlgrenska Academy at Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden
Abstract
Objective. The amount of visceral adipose tissue is a risk factor for the metabolic syndrome. It is unclear how body mass index (BMI) changes during childhood and adolescence predict adult fat distribution. We hypothesized that there are critical periods during development for the prediction of adult subcutaneous and visceral fat mass by BMI changes during childhood and adolescence.
Research Design and Methods. Detailed growth charts were retrieved for the men participating in the population-based Gothenburg Osteoporosis and Obesity Determinants (GOOD) study (n=612). Body composition was analysed using Dual X-Ray Absorptiometry and adipose tissue areas using abdominal computed tomography at 18-20 years of age.
Results. The main finding in the present study was that subjects with increases in BMI Z-score of >1 SD during adolescence had, independent of prepubertal BMI, both larger subcutaneous (+138%; p<0.001) and visceral adipose tissue areas (+91%; p< 0.001) than subjects with unchanged BMI Z-score. In contrast, subjects with increases in BMI Z-score of >1 SD during late childhood had larger amount adult subcutaneous adipose tissue (+83%; p< 0.001) than subjects with unchanged BMI Z-score, but unaffected amount of visceral adipose tissue. BMI changes during adolescence predict both visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue of the abdomen while BMI changes during late childhood predict only the subcutaneous adipose tissue.
Conclusions. The amount of visceral adipose tissue in young adult men was associated with BMI changes specifically during adolescence, while the amount of subcutaneous adipose tissue was associated with BMI changes during both late childhood and adolescence.
Footnotes
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- Received May 5, 2008.
- Accepted January 14, 2009.
- Copyright © American Diabetes Association
