Genetic Variation in the Multidrug and Toxin Extrusion 1 Transporter Protein Influences the Glucose Lowering Effect of Metformin in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus: A Preliminary Study

Abstract

Objective: Metformin, an oral glucose-lowering drug, is taken up in hepatocytes by the organic cation transporter (OCT) 1 and in renal epithelium by OCT2. In these cells, the multidrug and toxin extrusion 1 (MATE1) protein, encoded by the SLC47A1 gene, is responsible for the excretion of metformin into the bile and urine, respectively. We studied the effect of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the SLC47A1 gene on the HbA1c lowering effect of metformin.

Research Design and Methods: We identified all incident metformin users in the Rotterdam Study, a population-based cohort study. Associations between twelve tagging SNPs in the SLC47A1 gene and change in HbA1c level were analyzed.

Results: One-hundred and sixteen incident metformin users were included in the study sample. The rs2289669 G>A SNP was significantly associated with metformin response. For the other SNPs, no associations were found. For each minor A allele at rs2289669, the HbA1c reduction was 0.30 % (95% CI −0.51, −0.10; p=0.005) larger. After Bonferroni correction for multiple testing, the p-value was 0.045.

Conclusion: The rs2289669 G>A SNP is associated with a reduction in HbA1c level, consistent with a reduction in MATE1 transporter activity. These results suggest that the transporter MATE1, encoded by SLC47A1, may have an important role in the pharmacokinetics of metformin, although replication is necessary.