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\fs24\lang1033\langfe1053\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1053 {\b\fs28\lang2057\langfe1053\langnp2057\insrsid15623739\charrsid2578009 SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL}{\fs28\lang2057\langfe1053\langnp2057\insrsid15623739\charrsid2578009 
\par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15623739 {\lang2057\langfe1053\langnp2057\insrsid15623739 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1053\langnp2057\insrsid15623739\charrsid2578009 MATERIALS AND METHODS
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri-2\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\tx9072\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin-2\lin0\itap0\pararsid15623739 {\b\lang2057\langfe1053\langnp2057\insrsid15623739\charrsid4472407 Blood flow measurements}{
\lang2057\langfe1053\langnp2057\insrsid15623739 : The measurements were performed in all 4 strains of animals as given in the original manuscript but the size of the used microspheres was 10 \'b5m, instead of 15 \'b5m. }{\insrsid15623739 
The reasons to choose different sizes of microspheres was that preliminary experiments demonstrated that smaller microspheres, }{\i\insrsid15623739\charrsid6568661 viz}{\insrsid15623739 . 10 \'b5
m, was associated with a pronounced shunting of microspheres through adipose tissue (data not shown). For determinations of total pancreatic and islet blood flow, we used both 10- and 15-\'b5
m microspheres, whereas the remaining flow values were obtained with 15-\'b5m microspheres. Note that the experiments with 10- or 15-\'b5m microspheres were performed in different animals.
\par }{\insrsid14956335 
\par }{\b\insrsid14956335\charrsid14956335 RESULTS}{\insrsid14956335 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri-2\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\tx9072\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin-2\lin0\itap0\pararsid14956335 {\insrsid14956335 GK rats had a high
er total pancreatic and islet blood flow compared to Wistar rats when the blood flow measurements were performed with 10-\'b5
m microspheres (Table). When LZ and OZ rats were compared islet blood flow was higher in the latter group. No differences in pancreatic blood flow was seen when LZ and OZ rats were compared (Table). 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri-2\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\tx9072\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin-2\lin0\itap0\pararsid15623739 {\insrsid14956335\charrsid14956335 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15623739 {\b\insrsid15623739\charrsid5788664 DISCUSSION
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15623739 {\lang2057\langfe1053\langnp2057\insrsid15623739 
The estimates of blood perfusion in all tissues were made with the non-radioactive microsphere technique, which is considered to be a \'93golden standard\'94 for blood flow measurements}{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {
\lang2057\langfe1053\langnp2057\insrsid11492781 
 ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Zwissler</Author><Year>1991</Year><RecNum>310</RecNum><MDL><REFERENCE_TYPE>0</REFERENCE_TYPE><REFNUM>310</REFNUM><ACCESSION_NUMBER>2034888</ACCESSION_NUMBER><VOLUME>191</VOLUME><NUMBER>1</NUMBER><YEAR>1991</YEAR><TIT
LE>Methodological error and spatial variability of organ blood flow measurements using radiolabeled microspheres</TITLE><PAGES>47-63</PAGES><AUTHOR_ADDRESS>Department of Anesthesiology, University of Munich, Federal Republic of Germany.</AUTHOR_ADDRESS><A
U
THORS><AUTHOR>Zwissler, B.</AUTHOR><AUTHOR>Schosser, R.</AUTHOR><AUTHOR>Weiss, C.</AUTHOR><AUTHOR>Iber, V.</AUTHOR><AUTHOR>Weiss, M.</AUTHOR><AUTHOR>Schwickert, C.</AUTHOR><AUTHOR>Spengler, P.</AUTHOR><AUTHOR>Messmer, K.</AUTHOR></AUTHORS><SECONDARY_TITLE
>
Res Exp Med (Berl)</SECONDARY_TITLE><KEYWORDS><KEYWORD>Animals</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>*Blood Flow Velocity</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Comparative Study</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Dogs</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>False Negative Reactions</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>False Positive Reactions</KEYWORD
>
<KEYWORD>Male</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Microspheres</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Models, Biological</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Organ Specificity</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Radioisotopes/diagnostic use/pharmacokinetics</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>*Regional Blood Flow</KEYWORD></KEYWORDS><URL>http://ww
w
.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Citation&amp;list_uids=2034888</URL></MDL></Cite><Cite><Author>Levine</Author><Year>1984</Year><RecNum>630</RecNum><MDL><REFERENCE_TYPE>0</REFERENCE_TYPE><REFNUM>630</REFNUM><ACCESSIO
N
_NUMBER>6379300</ACCESSION_NUMBER><VOLUME>37</VOLUME><NUMBER>3</NUMBER><YEAR>1984</YEAR><DATE>Sep</DATE><TITLE>The radiolabeled microsphere technique in gut blood flow measurement--current practice</TITLE><PAGES>241-55</PAGES><AUTHORS><AUTHOR>Levine, B. A
.
</AUTHOR><AUTHOR>Sirinek, K. R.</AUTHOR><AUTHOR>Gaskill, H. V., 3rd</AUTHOR></AUTHORS><SECONDARY_TITLE>J Surg Res</SECONDARY_TITLE><KEYWORDS><KEYWORD>Animals</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Intestines/*blood supply</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>*Isotope Labeling</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>
M
ice</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>*Microspheres</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Rats</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>*Regional Blood Flow</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Research Design</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Spectrum Analysis</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Stomach/blood supply</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>X-Rays</KEYWORD></KEYWORDS><UR
L
>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Citation&amp;list_uids=6379300</URL></MDL></Cite><Cite><Author>Prinzen</Author><Year>2000</Year><RecNum>629</RecNum><MDL><REFERENCE_TYPE>0</REFERENCE_TYPE><REFNUM>629</REFN
U
M><ACCESSION_NUMBER>10728307</ACCESSION_NUMBER><VOLUME>45</VOLUME><NUMBER>1</NUMBER><YEAR>2000</YEAR><DATE>Jan 1</DATE><TITLE>Blood flow distributions by microsphere deposition methods</TITLE><PAGES>13-21</PAGES><AUTHOR_ADDRESS>Department of Physiology, C
a
rdiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, The Netherlands. frits.prinzen@fys.unimaas.nl</AUTHOR_ADDRESS><AUTHORS><AUTHOR>Prinzen, F. W.</AUTHOR><AUTHOR>Bassingthwaighte, J. B.</AUTHOR></AUTHORS><SECONDARY_TITLE>Cardiovasc Res</SEC
O
NDARY_TITLE><KEYWORDS><KEYWORD>Animals</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Cardiac Output</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Diagnostic Techniques, Cardiovascular</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Dogs</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Mice</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Microspheres</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Rats</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>*Regional
 Blood Flow</KEYWORD></KEYWORDS><URL>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Citation&amp;list_uids=10728307</URL></MDL></Cite></EndNote>}}{\fldrslt {\lang2057\langfe1053\langnp2057\insrsid11492781 (1-3)}}}{
\lang2057\langfe1053\langnp2057\insrsid15623739 , including islet blood flow }{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\lang2057\langfe1053\langnp2057\insrsid15623739  ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Lif
son</Author><Year>1981</Year><RecNum>631</RecNum><MDL><REFERENCE_TYPE>7</REFERENCE_TYPE><REFNUM>631</REFNUM><AUTHORS><AUTHOR>Lifson, N.</AUTHOR></AUTHORS><YEAR>1981</YEAR><TITLE>Use of microspheres to measure intraorgan distribution of blood flow in the s
p
lanchnic circulation</TITLE><SECONDARY_AUTHORS><SECONDARY_AUTHOR>Granger, D.N., Bulkley, G.B.</SECONDARY_AUTHOR></SECONDARY_AUTHORS><SECONDARY_TITLE>Measurements of blood flow. Applications to the splanchnic circulation</SECONDARY_TITLE><PLACE_PUBLISHED>B
a
ltimore</PLACE_PUBLISHED><PUBLISHER>Williams &amp; Wilkins</PUBLISHER><PAGES>177-194</PAGES></MDL></Cite><Cite><Author>Jansson</Author><Year>1984</Year><RecNum>788</RecNum><MDL><REFERENCE_TYPE>7</REFERENCE_TYPE><REFNUM>788</REFNUM><AUTHORS><AUTHOR>Jansson
,
 L.</AUTHOR><AUTHOR>Hellerstr&#xF6;m, C.</AUTHOR></AUTHORS><YEAR>1984</YEAR><TITLE>A simple technique for visualization of the pancreatic islets and its application to measurements of islet blood flow with the microsphere method</TITLE><SECONDARY_AUTHORS>
<
SECONDARY_AUTHOR>Larner, J.</SECONDARY_AUTHOR><SECONDARY_AUTHOR>Pohl, S.L.</SECONDARY_AUTHOR></SECONDARY_AUTHORS><SECONDARY_TITLE>Methods in diabetes research. Volume 1: Laboratory methods, part C.</SECONDARY_TITLE><PLACE_PUBLISHED>London</PLACE_PUBLISHED
><PUBLISHER>John Wiley &amp; Sons</PUBLISHER><PAGES>333-342</PAGES></MDL></Cite></EndNote>}}{\fldrslt {\lang2057\langfe1053\langnp2057\insrsid11492781 (4; 5)}}}{\lang2057\langfe1053\langnp2057\insrsid15623739  and ATBF }{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {
\lang2057\langfe1053\langnp2057\insrsid15623739  ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>B&#xFC;low</Author><Year>2001</Year><RecNum>748</RecNum><MDL><REFERENCE_TYPE>0</REFERENCE_TYPE><REFNUM>748</RE
FNUM><AUTHORS><AUTHOR>B&#xFC;low, J.</AUTHOR></AUTHORS><YEAR>2001</YEAR><TITLE>Measurement of adipose tissue blood flow</TITLE><SECONDARY_TITLE>Methods Mol Biol</SECONDARY_TITLE><VOLUME>155</VOLUME><PAGES>281-93</PAGES><ACCESSION_NUMBER>11293079</ACCESSIO
N
_NUMBER><KEYWORDS><KEYWORD>Adipose Tissue/*blood supply</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Animals</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Humans</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Regional Blood Flow</KEYWORD></KEYWORDS><URL>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Cit
ation&amp;list_uids=11293079</URL><AUTHOR_ADDRESS>Department of Clinical Physiology, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.</AUTHOR_ADDRESS></MDL></Cite></EndNote>}}{\fldrslt {\lang2057\langfe1053\langnp2057\insrsid11492781 (6)}}}{
\lang2057\langfe1053\langnp2057\insrsid15623739 . In the present study we compared ATBF values obtained with microspheres with diameters of 10, 15 or 25 \'b5m, and found that the most reproducible values were obtained with 15 \'b5
m microspheres. Thus, when the smaller or larger sizes were used the number of counted microspheres was much lower in both instances (data not shown). This can be tak
en to indicate that an increased number of microspheres are either shunted through the tissue (10 \'b5m) or are too large to enter the adipose tissue microvessels (25 \'b5m). 
\par Pancreatic islet blood perfusion is also regulated by the factors referred to above. When 10-\'b5m microspheres were used for blood flow measurements, the islet blood perfusion of both GK and OZ rats was increased when compared to the control }{
\lang2057\langfe1053\langnp2057\insrsid11492781 strains}{\lang2057\langfe1053\langnp2057\insrsid15623739 , thereby confirming previous studies }{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\lang2057\langfe1053\langnp2057\insrsid15623739 
 ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Svensson</Author><
Year>1994</Year><RecNum>74</RecNum><MDL><REFERENCE_TYPE>0</REFERENCE_TYPE><REFNUM>74</REFNUM><AUTHORS><AUTHOR>Svensson, A. M.</AUTHOR><AUTHOR>Abdel-Halim, S. M.</AUTHOR><AUTHOR>Efendic, S.</AUTHOR><AUTHOR>Jansson, L.</AUTHOR><AUTHOR>&#xD6;stenson, C. G.</
A
UTHOR></AUTHORS><YEAR>1994</YEAR><TITLE><styles><style face='64' start='36'></style><style start='37'></style></styles>Pancreatic and islet blood flow in F1-hybrids of the non-insulin-dependent diabetic GK-Wistar rat</TITLE><SECONDARY_TITLE>Eur J Endocrin
o
l</SECONDARY_TITLE><VOLUME>130</VOLUME><NUMBER>6</NUMBER><PAGES>612-6</PAGES><DATE>Jun</DATE><ACCESSION_NUMBER>8205264</ACCESSION_NUMBER><KEYWORDS><KEYWORD>Animals</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Blood Glucose/analysis</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Blood Pressure</KEYWORD><KEYWORD
>
Diabetes Mellitus, Type II/*physiopathology</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Disease Models, Animal</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Female</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Glucose Tolerance Test</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Insulin/blood</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Islets of Langerhans/*blood supply</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>M
a
le</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Pancreas/*blood supply</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Rats</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Rats, Wistar</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Regional Blood Flow</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Support, Non-U.S. Gov&apos;t</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Vagotomy</KEYWORD></KEYWORDS><URL>http://www.ncbi.nlm.
n
ih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Citation&amp;list_uids=8205264</URL><AUTHOR_ADDRESS>Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Sweden.</AUTHOR_ADDRESS></MDL></Cite><Cite><Author>Atef</Author><Year>1992</Year><RecN
u
m>136</RecNum><MDL><REFERENCE_TYPE>0</REFERENCE_TYPE><REFNUM>136</REFNUM><ACCESSION_NUMBER>1590384</ACCESSION_NUMBER><VOLUME>262</VOLUME><NUMBER>5 Pt 1</NUMBER><YEAR>1992</YEAR><DATE>May</DATE><TITLE>Increased islet blood flow in obese rats: role of the a
u
tonomic nervous system</TITLE><PAGES>E736-40</PAGES><AUTHOR_ADDRESS>Laboratoire de Physiopathologie de la Nutrition, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unite de Recherche Associee 307, Universite Paris VII, France.</AUTHOR_ADDRESS><AUTHORS><AUT
H
OR>Atef, N.</AUTHOR><AUTHOR>Ktorza, A.</AUTHOR><AUTHOR>Picon, L.</AUTHOR><AUTHOR>Penicaud, L.</AUTHOR></AUTHORS><SECONDARY_TITLE>Am J Physiol</SECONDARY_TITLE><KEYWORDS><KEYWORD>Animals</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Autonomic Nervous System/*physiopathology</KEYWORD>
<
KEYWORD>Clonidine/pharmacology</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Female</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Glucose/pharmacology</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Hyperinsulinism/physiopathology</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Hypothalamus/physiopathology</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Injections, Intravenous</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Isl
e
ts of Langerhans/*blood supply</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Obesity/*physiopathology</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Rats</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Rats, Inbred Strains</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Rats, Zucker</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Regional Blood Flow</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Vagotomy</KEYWORD></KEYWORDS><UR
L>http://ww}{\lang2057\langfe1053\langnp2057\insrsid15623739\charrsid2762899 
w.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Citation&amp;list_uids=1590384</URL></MDL></Cite><Cite><Author>Atef</Author><Year>1994</Year><RecNum>139</RecNum><MDL><REFERENCE_TYPE>0</REFERENCE_TYPE><REFNUM>139</REFNUM><
ACCESSION_NUMBER>7958538</ACCESSION_NUMBER><VOLUME>37</VOLUME><NUMBER>7</NUMBER><YEAR>1994</YEAR><DATE>Jul</DATE><TITLE>Changes in islet blood flow in rats with NIDDM</TITLE><PAGES>677-80</PAGES><AUTHOR_ADDRESS>Laboratoire de Physiopathologie de la Nutrit
i
on, CNRS URA 307, Universite Paris VII, France.</AUTHOR_ADDRESS><AUTHORS><AUTHOR>Atef, N.</AUTHOR><AUTHOR>Portha, B.</AUTHOR><AUTHOR>Penicaud, L.</AUTHOR></AUTHORS><SECONDARY_TITLE>Diabetologia</SECONDARY_TITLE><KEYWORDS><KEYWORD>Animals</KEYWORD><KEYWORD
>
Blood Flow Velocity/physiology</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Blood Glucose/analysis</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/blood/*physiopathology</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Diabetes Mellitus, Type II/blood/*physiopathology</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Female</KEYWORD><KEYWORD
>
Glucose/administration &amp; dosage</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Insulin/blood</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Islets of Langerhans/*blood supply</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Microspheres</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Rats</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Rats, Mutant Strains</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Rats, Wistar</KEYWORD><
KEYWORD>Support, Non-U.S. Gov&apos;t</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Vagotomy</KEYWORD></KEYWORDS><URL>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Citation&amp;list_uids=7958538</URL></MDL></Cite></EndNote>}}{\fldrslt {
\lang2057\langfe1053\langnp2057\insrsid11492781 (7-9)}}}{\lang2057\langfe1053\langnp2057\insrsid15623739\charrsid2762899 . }{\lang2057\langfe1053\langnp2057\insrsid15623739 For a further disc
ussion on islet blood perfusion in these animals, see Supplementary material. }{\lang2057\langfe1053\langnp2057\insrsid15623739\charrsid4288783 This}{\lang2057\langfe1053\langnp2057\insrsid15623739 
 is in line with previous theories on islet blood flow being increased during increased demands for insulin secretion }{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\lang2057\langfe1053\langnp2057\insrsid15623739  ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Brunicardi</Autho
r><Year>1996</Year><RecNum>150</RecNum><MDL><REFERENCE_TYPE>0</REFERENCE_TYPE><REFNUM>150</REFNUM><ACCESSION_NUMBER>8603757</ACCESSION_NUMBER><VOLUME>45</VOLUME><NUMBER>4</NUMBER><YEAR>1996</YEAR><DATE>Apr</DATE><TITLE>Microcirculation of the islets of La
n
gerhans. Long Beach Veterans Administration Regional Medical Education Center Symposium</TITLE><PAGES>385-92</PAGES><AUTHOR_ADDRESS>Department of Surgery, Veterans Administration Medical Center-West Los Angeles, California, USA.</AUTHOR_ADDRESS><AUTHORS><
A
UTHOR>Brunicardi, F. C.</AUTHOR><AUTHOR>Stagner, J.</AUTHOR><AUTHOR>Bonner-Weir, S.</AUTHOR><AUTHOR>Wayland, H.</AUTHOR><AUTHOR>Kleinman, R.</AUTHOR><AUTHOR>Livingston, E.</AUTHOR><AUTHOR>Guth, P.</AUTHOR><AUTHOR>Menger, M.</AUTHOR><AUTHOR>McCuskey, R.</A
U
THOR><AUTHOR>Intaglietta, M.</AUTHOR><AUTHOR>Charles, A.</AUTHOR><AUTHOR>Ashley, S.</AUTHOR><AUTHOR>Cheung, A.</AUTHOR><AUTHOR>Ipp, E.</AUTHOR><AUTHOR>Gilman, S.</AUTHOR><AUTHOR>Howard, T.</AUTHOR><AUTHOR>Passaro, E., Jr.</AUTHOR></AUTHORS><SECONDARY_TITL
E
>Diabetes</SECONDARY_TITLE><KEYWORDS><KEYWORD>Animals</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Human</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Islets of Langerhans/anatomy &amp; histology/*blood supply</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Microcirculation/anatomy &amp; histology/*physiology</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Models, Car
d
iovascular</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Pancreas/anatomy &amp; histology/blood supply</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Support, Non-U.S. Gov&apos;t</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Support, U.S. Gov&apos;t, P.H.S.</KEYWORD></KEYWORDS><URL>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retriev
e
&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Citation&amp;list_uids=8603757</URL></MDL></Cite><Cite><Author>Jansson</Author><Year>1994</Year><RecNum>66</RecNum><MDL><REFERENCE_TYPE>0</REFERENCE_TYPE><REFNUM>66</REFNUM><ACCESSION_NUMBER>7796706</ACCESSION_NUMBER><VOLUME>10</VO
L
UME><NUMBER>4</NUMBER><YEAR>1994</YEAR><DATE>Dec</DATE><TITLE>The regulation of pancreatic islet blood flow</TITLE><PAGES>407-16</PAGES><AUTHOR_ADDRESS>Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Sweden.</AUTHOR_ADDRESS><AUTHORS><AUTHOR>Jansso
n
, L.</AUTHOR></AUTHORS><SECONDARY_TITLE>Diabetes Metab Rev</SECONDARY_TITLE><KEYWORDS><KEYWORD>Animals</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Capillaries/anatomy &amp; histology/physiology</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/physiopathology</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Glu
c
ose/pharmacology</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Glucose Intolerance/physiopathology</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Homeostasis</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Human</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Islets of Langerhans/*blood supply</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Regional Blood Flow/drug effects</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Support,
 Non-U.S. Gov&apos;t</KEYWORD></KEYWORDS><URL>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Citation&amp;list_uids=7796706</URL></MDL></Cite></EndNote>}}{\fldrslt {\lang2057\langfe1053\langnp2057\insrsid11492781 
(10; 11)}}}{\lang2057\langfe1053\langnp2057\insrsid15623739 . For a discussion on the values obtained with 15-\'b5m microsp
heres, see below. Most previous studies suggest that increased islet blood flow is mainly due to activation of parasympathetic nerves }{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\lang2057\langfe1053\langnp2057\insrsid15623739 
 ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Jansson</Author><Year>1994</Year><RecNum>66</RecNum><MDL><REFERENCE_TYPE>0</REFEREN
CE_TYPE><REFNUM>66</REFNUM><ACCESSION_NUMBER>7796706</ACCESSION_NUMBER><VOLUME>10</VOLUME><NUMBER>4</NUMBER><YEAR>1994</YEAR><DATE>Dec</DATE><TITLE>The regulation of pancreatic islet blood flow</TITLE><PAGES>407-16</PAGES><AUTHOR_ADDRESS>Department of Med
i
cal Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Sweden.</AUTHOR_ADDRESS><AUTHORS><AUTHOR>Jansson, L.</AUTHOR></AUTHORS><SECONDARY_TITLE>Diabetes Metab Rev</SECONDARY_TITLE><KEYWORDS><KEYWORD>Animals</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Capillaries/anatomy &amp; histology/physiology</
K
EYWORD><KEYWORD>Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/physiopathology</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Glucose/pharmacology</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Glucose Intolerance/physiopathology</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Homeostasis</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Human</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Islets of Langerhans/*bloo
d
 supply</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Regional Blood Flow/drug effects</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Support, Non-U.S. Gov&apos;t</KEYWORD></KEYWORDS><URL>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Citation&amp;list_uids=7796706</URL></MDL>
</Cite></EndNote>}}{\fldrslt {\lang2057\langfe1053\langnp2057\insrsid11492781 (11)}}}{\lang2057\langfe1053\langnp2057\insrsid15623739 . T}{\lang2057\langfe1053\langnp2057\insrsid15623739\charrsid3412797 
he response to adrenergic substances is somewhat different from that seen in WAT. }{\lang2057\langfe1053\langnp2057\insrsid15623739 Thus, }{\f3\lang2057\langfe1053\langnp2057\insrsid15623739\charrsid6057817 \'62}{
\lang2057\langfe1053\sub\langnp2057\insrsid15623739\charrsid6057817 2}{\lang2057\langfe1053\langnp2057\insrsid15623739 -adrenergic stimulation decreases }{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\lang2057\langfe1053\langnp2057\insrsid15623739 
 ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Jansson</Author><Year>1989</Year><RecNum>31</RecNum><MDL><REFERENCE_TYPE>0</REFERENCE_TYPE><REFNUM>31</REFNUM><ACCESSION_NUMBER>2656272</ACCESSION_NUMBER><VOLUME>161</VOLUME><NUMBER
>1</NUMBER><YEAR>1989</YEAR><DATE>Feb 14</DATE><TITLE>Terbutaline decreases the blood flow of the pancreatic islets but does not reduce the diabetogenic action of streptozotocin in the rat</TITLE><PAGES>79-83</PAGES><AUTHOR_ADDRESS>Department of Medical C
e
ll Biology, Uppsala University, Sweden.</AUTHOR_ADDRESS><AUTHORS><AUTHOR>Jansson, L.</AUTHOR><AUTHOR>Eizirik, D. L.</AUTHOR><AUTHOR>Sandler, S.</AUTHOR></AUTHORS><SECONDARY_TITLE>Eur J Pharmacol</SECONDARY_TITLE><KEYWORDS><KEYWORD>Animals</KEYWORD><KEYWOR
D
>Blood Glucose/metabolism</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/*physiopathology</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Insulin/metabolism</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Islets of Langerhans/*blood supply/drug effects/metabolism</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Male</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Rats</K
E
YWORD><KEYWORD>Rats, Inbred Strains</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Regional Blood Flow/drug effects</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Support, Non-U.S. Gov&apos;t</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Terbutaline/*pharmacology</KEYWORD></KEYWORDS><URL>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Re
trieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Citation&amp;list_uids=2656272</URL></MDL></Cite></EndNote>}}{\fldrslt {\lang2057\langfe1053\langnp2057\insrsid11492781 (12)}}}{\lang2057\langfe1053\langnp2057\insrsid15623739 , whereas }{
\f3\lang2057\langfe1053\langnp2057\insrsid15623739\charrsid6057817 \'62}{\lang2057\langfe1053\sub\langnp2057\insrsid15623739\charrsid6057817 3}{\lang2057\langfe1053\langnp2057\insrsid15623739 -receptor stimulation increases islet blood flow }
{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\lang2057\langfe1053\langnp2057\insrsid15623739  ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Atef</Author><Year>1996</Year><RecNum>141</RecNum><MDL><REFERE
NCE_TYPE>0</REFERENCE_TYPE><REFNUM>141</REFNUM><AUTHORS><AUTHOR>Atef, N.</AUTHOR><AUTHOR>Lafontan, M.</AUTHOR><AUTHOR>Double, A.</AUTHOR><AUTHOR>Helary, C.</AUTHOR><AUTHOR>Ktorza, A.</AUTHOR><AUTHOR>Penicaud, L.</AUTHOR></AUTHORS><YEAR>1996</YEAR><TITLE><
s
tyles><style font='23' start='11'></style><style start='12'></style></styles>A specific b3-adrenoceptor agonist induces increased pancreatic islet blood flow and insulin secretion in rats</TITLE><SECONDARY_TITLE>Eur J Pharmacol</SECONDARY_TITLE><VOLUME>29
8
</VOLUME><NUMBER>3</NUMBER><PAGES>287-92</PAGES><DATE>Mar 18</DATE><ACCESSION_NUMBER>8846828</ACCESSION_NUMBER><KEYWORDS><KEYWORD>Adrenergic beta-Agonists/*pharmacology</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Adrenergic beta-Antagonists/pharmacology</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Animals</
K
EYWORD><KEYWORD>Bupranolol/pharmacology</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Dioxoles/*pharmacology</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Female</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Insulin/blood/*secretion</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Islets of Langerhans/blood supply/*drug effects/secretion</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Nadolol/phar
m
acology</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Rats</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Rats, Wistar</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Receptors, Adrenergic, beta/*drug effects</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-3</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Regional Blood Flow/drug effects</KEYWORD></KEYWORDS><URL>http://ww
w.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Citation&amp;list_uids=8846828</URL><AUTHOR_ADDRESS>Laboratory of Physiopathology of Nutrition, CNRS URA 307, University Paris VII, France.</AUTHOR_ADDRESS></MDL></Cite></EndNote>}
}{\fldrslt {\lang2057\langfe1053\langnp2057\insrsid11492781 (13)}}}{\lang2057\langfe1053\langnp2057\insrsid15623739 . However, the net effect of adrenergic stimulation is a decrease in both total pancreatic and islet blood flow }
{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\lang2057\langfe1053\langnp2057\insrsid15623739  ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Jansson</Author><Year>1991</Year><RecNum>41</RecNum><MDL><REFERENCE_TYPE>0</REFERENCE_TYPE><REFNUM>41</R
EFNUM><ACCESSION_NUMBER>1816767</ACCESSION_NUMBER><VOLUME>313</VOLUME><YEAR>1991</YEAR><DATE>Sep-Oct</DATE><TITLE>Influence of adrenaline on blood perfusion and vascular conductance of the whole pancreas and the islets of Langerhans in the rat</TITLE><PAG
E
S>90-7</PAGES><AUTHOR_ADDRESS>Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Sweden.</AUTHOR_ADDRESS><AUTHORS><AUTHOR>Jansson, L.</AUTHOR></AUTHORS><SECONDARY_TITLE>Arch Int Pharmacodyn Ther</SECONDARY_TITLE><KEYWORDS><KEYWORD>Analysis of Varianc
e
</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Animals</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Blood Pressure/drug effects</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Epinephrine/*pharmacology</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Islets of Langerhans/blood supply/*drug effects</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Male</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Pancreas/blood supply/*drug eff
e
cts</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Rats</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Rats, Inbred Strains</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Regional Blood Flow/drug effects</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Support, Non-U.S. Gov&apos;t</KEYWORD></KEYWORDS><URL>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=
PubMed&amp;dopt=Citation&amp;list_uids=1816767</URL></MDL></Cite></EndNote>}}{\fldrslt {\lang2057\langfe1053\langnp2057\insrsid11492781 (14)}}}{\lang2057\langfe1053\langnp2057\insrsid15623739 
. Thus, if a general increase in sympathetic activity throughout the body occurred, an increase in islet blood flow, as seen in the present study, would be unlikely unless }{\f3\lang2057\langfe1053\langnp2057\insrsid15623739\charrsid6057817 \'62}{
\lang2057\langfe1053\sub\langnp2057\insrsid15623739\charrsid6057817 3}{\lang2057\langfe1053\langnp2057\insrsid15623739 -adrenoceptors were preferentially stimulated. 
\par Effects of adiponectin and resistin on islet blood flow are unknown, whereas leptin deficiency has been shown to lead to an increased islet blood perfusion in young ob/ob mice }{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\lang2057\langfe1053\langnp2057\insrsid15623739 
 ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite
><Author>Carlsson</Author><Year>1998</Year><RecNum>100</RecNum><MDL><REFERENCE_TYPE>0</REFERENCE_TYPE><REFNUM>100</REFNUM><ACCESSION_NUMBER>9755077</ACCESSION_NUMBER><VOLUME>275</VOLUME><NUMBER>4 Pt 1</NUMBER><YEAR>1998</YEAR><DATE>Oct</DATE><TITLE>Influe
n
ce of age, hyperglycemia, leptin, and NPY on islet blood flow in obese-hyperglycemic mice</TITLE><PAGES>E594-601</PAGES><AUTHOR_ADDRESS>Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, S-75123 Uppsala, Sweden.</AUTHOR_ADDRESS><AUTHORS><AUTHOR>Carls
s
on, P. O.</AUTHOR><AUTHOR>Andersson, A.</AUTHOR><AUTHOR>Jansson, L.</AUTHOR></AUTHORS><SECONDARY_TITLE>Am J Physiol</SECONDARY_TITLE><KEYWORDS><KEYWORD>Aging/*physiology</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Animals</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Arginine/*analogs &amp; derivatives/pharm
a
cology</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Blood Glucose/metabolism</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Body Weight</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Hyperglycemia/genetics/*physiopathology</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Hyperinsulinism/physiopathology</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Insulin/blood/*secretion</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Islets
 
of Langerhans/*blood supply/drug effects/growth &amp; development</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Leptin</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Mice</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Mice, Inbred C57BL</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Mice, Obese</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Neuropeptide Y/physiology</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Obesity/gene
t
ics/*physiopathology</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Organ Weight</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Pancreas/*anatomy &amp; histology/drug effects/growth &amp; development</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Perfusion</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Phlorhizin/*pharmacology</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Proteins/*pharmacology</
K
EYWORD><KEYWORD>Receptors, Neuropeptide Y/antagonists &amp; inhibitors/*physiology</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Regional Blood Flow/drug effects</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Support, Non-U.S. Gov&apos;t</KEYWORD></KEYWORDS><URL>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd
=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Citation&amp;list_uids=9755077</URL></MDL></Cite></EndNote>}}{\fldrslt {\lang2057\langfe1053\langnp2057\insrsid11492781 (15)}}}{\lang2057\langfe1053\langnp2057\insrsid15623739 
. Thus, a systemic increase in leptin concentrations would be expected to decrease rather than increase islet blood flow, as was seen in the present study. How
ever, increased local concentrations of any of the adipocytokines referred to above cannot be excluded.
\par Thus, it seems as if the GK rat is unique since both islet blood perfusion and ATBF are increased simultaneously, whereas only islet blood flow is increased in the OZ rat. }{\lang2057\langfe1053\langnp2057\insrsid15623739\charrsid12403538 
It has been suggested that }{\lang2057\langfe1053\langnp2057\insrsid15623739 m}{\lang2057\langfe1053\langnp2057\insrsid15623739\charrsid12403538 acrophages}{\lang2057\langfe1053\langnp2057\insrsid15623739  may}{
\lang2057\langfe1053\langnp2057\insrsid15623739\charrsid12403538  infiltrate WAT in obesity }{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\lang2057\langfe1053\langnp2057\insrsid15623739 
 ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Weisberg</Author><Year>2003</Year><RecNum>770</RecNum><MDL><REFERENCE_TYPE>0</REFERENCE_TYPE><REFNUM>770</REFNUM><ACCESSION_NUMB
ER>14679176</ACCESSION_NUMBER><VOLUME>112</VOLUME><NUMBER>12</NUMBER><YEAR>2003</YEAR><DATE>Dec</DATE><TITLE>Obesity is associated with macrophage accumulation in adipose tissue</TITLE><PAGES>1796-808</PAGES><AUTHOR_ADDRESS>Division of Moleuclar Genetics,
 
Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA.</AUTHOR_ADDRESS><AUTHORS><AUTHOR>Weisberg, S. P.</AUTHOR><AUTHOR>McCann, D.</AUTHOR><AUTHOR>Desai, M.</AUTHOR><AUTHOR>Rosenbaum, M.</AUTHOR><AUTHOR>Leibel, R. L.</AUTHOR><AUTHOR
>
Ferrante, A. W., Jr.</AUTHOR></AUTHORS><SECONDARY_TITLE>J Clin Invest</SECONDARY_TITLE><KEYWORDS><KEYWORD>Adipose Tissue/*metabolism</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Animals</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Antigens, CD/biosynthesis</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Antigens, CD45/biosynthesis</KEYWO
R
D><KEYWORD>Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic/biosynthesis</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Body Weight</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Cell Separation</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Female</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Flow Cytometry</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Humans</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Immunohistochemistry</KE
Y
WORD><KEYWORD>Immunophenotyping</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Interleukin-6/metabolism</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Liver/metabolism</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Macrophages/*metabolism</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Male</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Mice</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Mice, Inbred C57BL</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Ni
t
ric-Oxide Synthase/metabolism</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>*Obesity/metabolism</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>RNA, Messenger/metabolism</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov&apos;t</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Research Su
p
port, U.S. Gov&apos;t, P.H.S.</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Time Factors</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism</KEYWORD></KEYWORDS><URL>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?
c
md=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Citation&amp;list_uids=14679176</URL></MDL></Cite><Cite><Author>Xu</Author><Year>2003</Year><RecNum>771</RecNum><MDL><REFERENCE_TYPE>0</REFERENCE_TYPE><REFNUM>771</REFNUM><ACCESSION_NUMBER>14679177</ACCESSION_NUMBER><VOL
U
ME>112</VOLUME><NUMBER>12</NUMBER><YEAR>2003</YEAR><DATE>Dec</DATE><TITLE>Chronic inflammation in fat plays a crucial role in the development of obesity-related insulin resistance</TITLE><PAGES>1821-30</PAGES><AUTHOR_ADDRESS>Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Ca
mbridge, Massachusetts, USA.</AUTHOR_ADDRESS><AUTHORS><AUTHOR>Xu, H.</AUTHOR><AUTHOR>Ba}{\lang2057\langfe1053\langnp2057\insrsid15623739\charrsid16125920 rnes, G. T.</AUTHOR><AUTHOR>Yang,}{\lang2057\langfe1053\langnp2057\insrsid15623739\charrsid1719024 
 Q.</AUTHOR><AUTHOR>Tan, G.</AUTHOR><AUTHOR>Yang, D.</AUTHOR><AUTHOR>Chou, C. J.</AUTHOR><AUTHOR>Sole, J.</AUTHOR><AUTHOR>Nichols, A.</AU
THOR><AUTHOR>Ross, J. S.</AUTHOR><AUTHOR>Tartaglia, L. A.</AUTHOR><AUTHOR>Chen, H.</AUTHOR></AUTHORS><SECONDARY_TITLE>J Clin Invest</SECONDARY_TITLE><KEYWORDS><KEYWORD>Adipocytes/metabolism</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Adipose Tissue/*metabolism</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>An
i
mals</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Body Weight</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Cells, Cultured</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Down-Regulation</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Gene Expression Regulation</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Giant Cells/metabolism</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Immunohistochemistry</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>In Situ H
y
bridization</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>*Inflammation</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>*Insulin Resistance</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Lymphocytes/metabolism</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Macrophages/metabolism</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Male</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Mice</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Mice, Inbred C57BL</KEYWORD
>
<KEYWORD>Mice, Obese</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Models, Biological</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Neutrophils/metabolism</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>*Obesity/*metabolism</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>RNA/metabolism</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>RNA, Messenger/metabolism</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Reverse Transcriptase 
P
olymerase Chain Reaction</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Thiazolidinediones/pharmacology</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Time Factors</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Up-Regulation</KEYWORD></KEYWORDS><URL>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Citation&a
mp;list_uids=14679177</URL></MDL></Cite></EndNote>}}{\fldrslt {\lang2057\langfe1053\langnp2057\insrsid11492781 (16; 17)}}}{\lang2057\langfe1053\langnp2057\insrsid15623739\charrsid1719024 . }{\lang2057\langfe1053\langnp2057\insrsid15623739 
Interestingly, when we used either 10 or 15 \'b5m microspheres for measurements of islet blood flow, we found differences between the strains. We have previously evaluated different sizes of microspheres }{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {
\lang2057\langfe1053\langnp2057\insrsid15623739 
 ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Jansson</Author><Year>1983</Year><RecNum>4</RecNum><MDL><REFERENCE_TYPE>0</REFERENCE_TYPE><REFNUM>4</REFNUM><AUTHORS><AUTHOR>Jansson, L.</AUTHOR><AUTHOR>Hellerstr&#xF6;m, C.</AUTHOR></AUTHORS><YEAR>1983</YEAR><T
ITLE>Stimulation by glucose of the blood flow to the pancreatic islets of the rat</TITLE><SECONDARY_TITLE>Diabetologia</SECONDARY_TITLE><VOLUME>25</VOLUME><NUMBER>1</NUMBER><PAGES>45-50</PAGES><DATE>Jul</DATE><ACCESSION_NUMBER>6350083</ACCESSION_NUMBER><K
E
YWORDS><KEYWORD>3-O-Methylglucose</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Anesthesia</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Animals</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Blood Glucose/metabolism</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Female</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Glucose/*pharmacology</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Homeostasis</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Islets of 
L
angerhans/*blood supply</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Male</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Methylglucosides/pharmacology</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Microcirculation</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Microspheres</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Rats</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Rats, Inbred Strains</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Regional Blood
 
Flow</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Stimulation, Chemical</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Support, Non-U.S. Gov&apos;t</KEYWORD></KEYWORDS><URL>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Citation&amp;list_uids=6350083</URL></MDL></Cite></EndNo
te>}}{\fldrslt {\lang2057\langfe1053\langnp2057\insrsid11492781 (18)}}}{\lang2057\langfe1053\langnp2057\insrsid15623739 , and found that 10-\'b5
m microspheres were optimal for this application. This was confirmed in the present study, since we only saw an increased islet blood perfusion in GK rats when using that size. In OZ rats, on the other hand, the flow values wer
e higher than controls when both sizes of microspheres were used. No differences in islet vascular density were seen, so this did not influence our findings. When assessing intra-organ distribution of blood, the smallest possible size of microspheres shou
ld be used to increase resolution }{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\lang2057\langfe1053\langnp2057\insrsid15623739 
 ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Lifson</Author><Year>1981</Year><RecNum>631</RecNum><MDL><REFERENCE_TYPE>7</REFERENCE_TYPE><REFNUM>631</REFNUM><AUTHORS><AUTHOR>Lifson, N.</AUTHOR></AUTHORS><YEAR>1981</YEAR><TITLE>Use
 of microspheres to measure intraorgan distribution of blood flow in the splanchnic circulation</TITLE><SECONDARY_AUTHORS><SECONDARY_AUTHOR>Granger, D.N., Bulkley, G.B.</SECONDARY_AUTHOR></SECONDARY_AUTHORS><SECONDARY_TITLE>Measurements of blood flow. App
lications to the splanchnic circulation</SECONDARY_TITLE><PLACE_PUBLISHED>Baltimore</PLACE_PUBLISHED><PUBLISHER>Williams &amp; Wilkins</PUBLISHER><PAGES>177-194</PAGES></MDL></Cite></EndNote>}}{\fldrslt {\lang2057\langfe1053\langnp2057\insrsid11492781 (4)
}}}{\lang2057\langfe1053\langnp2057\insrsid15623739 . This must, however, be balanced against the need to avoid shunting, and thereby recirculation of the microspheres }{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\lang2057\langfe1053\langnp2057\insrsid15623739 
 ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Lifson</Author><Year>1981</Year><RecNum>631</RecNum><MDL><REFERENCE_TYPE>7</REFERENCE_TYPE><REFNUM>631</REFNUM><AUTHORS><AUTHOR>Lifson, N.</AUTHOR></AUTHORS><YEAR
>1981</YEAR><TITLE>Use of microspheres to measure intraorgan distribution of blood flow in the splanchnic circulation</TITLE><SECONDARY_AUTHORS><SECONDARY_AUTHOR>Granger, D.N., Bulkley, G.B.</SECONDARY_AUTHOR></SECONDARY_AUTHORS><SECONDARY_TITLE>Measureme
n
ts of blood flow. Applications to the splanchnic circulation</SECONDARY_TITLE><PLACE_PUBLISHED>Baltimore</PLACE_PUBLISHED><PUBLISHER>Williams &amp; Wilkins</PUBLISHER><PAGES>177-194</PAGES></MDL></Cite><Cite><Author>Prinzen</Author><Year>2000</Year><RecNu
m
>629</RecNum><MDL><REFERENCE_TYPE>0</REFERENCE_TYPE><REFNUM>629</REFNUM><ACCESSION_NUMBER>10728307</ACCESSION_NUMBER><VOLUME>45</VOLUME><NUMBER>1</NUMBER><YEAR>2000</YEAR><DATE>Jan 1</DATE><TITLE>Blood flow distributions by microsphere deposition methods<
/
TITLE><PAGES>13-21</PAGES><AUTHOR_ADDRESS>Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, The Netherlands. frits.prinzen@fys.unimaas.nl</AUTHOR_ADDRESS><AUTHORS><AUTHOR>Prinzen, F. W.</AUTHOR><AUTHOR>Bassingt
h
waighte, J. B.</AUTHOR></AUTHORS><SECONDARY_TITLE>Cardiovasc Res</SECONDARY_TITLE><KEYWORDS><KEYWORD>Animals</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Cardiac Output</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Diagnostic Techniques, Cardiovascular</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Dogs</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Mice</KEYWORD><K
EYWORD>Microspheres</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Rats</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>*Regional Blood Flow</KEYWORD></KEYWORDS><URL>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Citation&amp;list_uids=10728307</URL></MDL></Cite></EndNote>}
}{\fldrslt {\lang2057\langfe1053\langnp2057\insrsid11492781 (3; 4)}}}{\lang2057\langfe1053\langnp2057\insrsid15623739 . We have previously observed that intra-splanchnic shunting in normal rats is >4% }{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {
\lang2057\langfe1053\langnp2057\insrsid15623739  ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Cite><Author>Jansson</Author><Year>1983</Year><RecNum>4</RecNum><MDL><REFERENCE_TYPE>0</REFERENCE_TYPE><REFNUM>4</REFNUM><AUTHORS><AUTHOR>Jansson, 
L.</AUTHOR><AUTHOR>Hellerstr&#xF6;m, C.</AUTHOR></AUTHORS><YEAR>1983</YEAR><TITLE>Stimulation by glucose of the blood flow to the pancreatic islets of the rat</TITLE><SECONDARY_TITLE>Diabetologia</SECONDARY_TITLE><VOLUME>25</VOLUME><NUMBER>1</NUMBER><PAGE
S
>45-50</PAGES><DATE>Jul</DATE><ACCESSION_NUMBER>6350083</ACCESSION_NUMBER><KEYWORDS><KEYWORD>3-O-Methylglucose</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Anesthesia</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Animals</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Blood Glucose/metabolism</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Female</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Glu
c
ose/*pharmacology</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Homeostasis</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Islets of Langerhans/*blood supply</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Male</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Methylglucosides/pharmacology</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Microcirculation</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Microspheres</KEYWORD><KEYWORD
>
Rats</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Rats, Inbred Strains</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Regional Blood Flow</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Stimulation, Chemical</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Support, Non-U.S. Gov&apos;t</KEYWORD></KEYWORDS><URL>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&am
p
;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Citation&amp;list_uids=6350083</URL></MDL></Cite><Cite><Author>Carlsson</Author><Year>2002</Year><RecNum>120</RecNum><MDL><REFERENCE_TYPE>0</REFERENCE_TYPE><REFNUM>120</REFNUM><AUTHORS><AUTHOR>Carlsson, P. O.</AUTHOR><AUTHOR>K&#xE4;lls
k
og, &#xD6;.</AUTHOR><AUTHOR>Bodin, B.</AUTHOR><AUTHOR>Andersson, A.</AUTHOR><AUTHOR>Jansson, L.</AUTHOR></AUTHORS><YEAR>2002</YEAR><TITLE>Multiple injections of coloured microspheres for islet blood flow measurements in anaesthetised rats: influence of mi
c
rosphere size</TITLE><SECONDARY_TITLE>Ups J Med Sci</SECONDARY_TITLE><VOLUME>107</VOLUME><NUMBER>2</NUMBER><PAGES>111-20</PAGES><ACCESSION_NUMBER>12602783</ACCESSION_NUMBER><KEYWORDS><KEYWORD>Animals</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Aorta</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Color</KEYWOR
D
><KEYWORD>Freezing</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Injections, Intra-Arterial</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Intestines/blood supply</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Islets of Langerhans/*blood supply</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Liver Circulation</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Male</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>*Microspheres</KEYW
O
RD><KEYWORD>Pancreas/blood supply</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Particle Size</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Rats</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Rats, Sprague-Dawley</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Regional Blood Flow</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Renal Circulation</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Reproducibility of Results</KEYWORD
>
<KEYWORD>Sensitivity and Specificity</KEYWORD><KEYWORD>Support, Non-U.S. Gov&apos;t</KEYWORD></KEYWORDS><URL>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Citation&amp;list_uids=12602783</URL><AUTHOR_ADDRESS>Department 
of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden. Per-Ola.Carlsson@medcellbiol.uu.se</AUTHOR_ADDRESS></MDL></Cite></EndNote>}}{\fldrslt {\lang2057\langfe1053\langnp2057\insrsid11492781 (18; 19)}}}{
\lang2057\langfe1053\langnp2057\insrsid15623739 , and we found a similar value also in GK rats in the present study (data not shown). }{\lang2057\langfe1053\langnp2057\insrsid2099418 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1053\langnp2057\insrsid15623739 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1053\langnp2057\insrsid11492781 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1053\langnp2057\insrsid11492781\charrsid11492781 REFERENCES
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11492781 {\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\lang2057\langfe1053\langnp2057\insrsid11492781  ADDIN EN.REFLIST }}{\fldrslt {\lang2057\langfe1053\langnp2057\insrsid11492781 
1. Zwissler B, Schosser R, Weiss C, Iber V, Weiss M, Schwickert C, Spengler P, Messmer K: Methodological error and spatial variability of organ blood flow measurements using radiolabeled microspheres. }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1053\langnp2057\insrsid11492781\charrsid11492781 Res Exp Med (Berl)}{\lang2057\langfe1053\langnp2057\insrsid11492781  191:47-63, 1991
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\lang2057\langfe1053\langnp2057\insrsid11492781  37:241-255, 1984
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\par 4. Lifson N: Use of microspheres to measure intraorgan distribution of blood flow in the splanchnic circulation. In }{\i\lang2057\langfe1053\langnp2057\insrsid11492781\charrsid11492781 Measurements of blood flow. Applications to the splanchnic circulation
}{\lang2057\langfe1053\langnp2057\insrsid11492781  Granger DN, Bulkley, G.B., Ed. Baltimore, Williams & Wilkins, 1981, p. 177-194
\par 5. Jansson L, Hellerstr\'f6m C: A simple technique for visualization of the pancreatic islets and its application to measurements of islet blood flow with the microsphere method. In }{\i\lang2057\langfe1053\langnp2057\insrsid11492781\charrsid11492781 
Methods in diabetes research. Volume 1: Laboratory methods, part C.}{\lang2057\langfe1053\langnp2057\insrsid11492781  Larner J, Pohl SL, Eds. London, John Wiley & Sons, 1984, p. 333-342
\par 6. B\'fclow J: Measurement of adipose tissue blood flow. }{\i\lang2057\langfe1053\langnp2057\insrsid11492781\charrsid11492781 Methods Mol Biol}{\lang2057\langfe1053\langnp2057\insrsid11492781  155:281-293, 2001
\par 7. Svensson AM, Abdel-Halim SM, Efendic S, Jansson L, \'d6stenson CG: Pancreatic and islet blood flow in F}{\lang2057\langfe1053\sub\langnp2057\insrsid11492781\charrsid11492781 1}{\lang2057\langfe1053\langnp2057\insrsid11492781 
-hybrids of the non-insulin-dependent diabetic GK-Wistar rat. }{\i\lang2057\langfe1053\langnp2057\insrsid11492781\charrsid11492781 Eur J Endocrinol}{\lang2057\langfe1053\langnp2057\insrsid11492781  130:612-616, 1994
\par 8. Atef N, Ktorza A, Picon L, Penicaud L: Increased islet blood flow in obese rats: role of the autonomic nervous system. }{\i\lang2057\langfe1053\langnp2057\insrsid11492781\charrsid11492781 Am J Physiol}{\lang2057\langfe1053\langnp2057\insrsid11492781  
262:E736-740, 1992
\par 9. Atef N, Portha B, Penicaud L: Changes in islet blood flow in rats with NIDDM. }{\i\lang2057\langfe1053\langnp2057\insrsid11492781\charrsid11492781 Diabetologia}{\lang2057\langfe1053\langnp2057\insrsid11492781  37:677-680, 1994
\par 10. Brunicardi FC, Stagner J, Bonner-Weir S, Wayland H, Kleinman R, Livingston E, Guth P, Menger M, McCuskey R, Intaglietta M,
 Charles A, Ashley S, Cheung A, Ipp E, Gilman S, Howard T, Passaro E, Jr.: Microcirculation of the islets of Langerhans. Long Beach Veterans Administration Regional Medical Education Center Symposium. }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1053\langnp2057\insrsid11492781\charrsid11492781 Diabetes}{\lang2057\langfe1053\langnp2057\insrsid11492781  45:385-392, 1996
\par 11. Jansson L: The regulation of pancreatic islet blood flow. }{\i\lang2057\langfe1053\langnp2057\insrsid11492781\charrsid11492781 Diabetes Metab Rev}{\lang2057\langfe1053\langnp2057\insrsid11492781  10:407-416, 1994
\par 12. Jansson L, Eizirik DL, Sandler S: Terbutaline decreases the blood flow of the pancreatic islets but does not reduce the diabetogenic action of streptozotocin in the rat. }{\i\lang2057\langfe1053\langnp2057\insrsid11492781\charrsid11492781 
Eur J Pharmacol}{\lang2057\langfe1053\langnp2057\insrsid11492781  161:79-83, 1989
\par 13. Atef N, Lafontan M, Double A, Helary C, Ktorza A, Penicaud L: A specific }{\f3\lang2057\langfe1053\langnp2057\insrsid11492781\charrsid11492781 b}{\lang2057\langfe1053\langnp2057\insrsid11492781 
3-adrenoceptor agonist induces increased pancreatic islet blood flow and insulin secretion in rats. }{\i\lang2057\langfe1053\langnp2057\insrsid11492781\charrsid11492781 Eur J Pharmacol}{\lang2057\langfe1053\langnp2057\insrsid11492781  298:287-292, 1996

\par 14. Jansson L: Influence of adrenaline on blood perfusion and vascular conductance of the whole pancreas and the islets of Langerhans in the rat. }{\i\lang2057\langfe1053\langnp2057\insrsid11492781\charrsid11492781 Arch Int Pharmacodyn Ther}{
\lang2057\langfe1053\langnp2057\insrsid11492781  313:90-97, 1991
\par 15. Carlsson PO, Andersson A, Jansson L: Influence of age, hyperglycemia, leptin, and NPY on islet blood flow in obese-hyperglycemic mice. }{\i\lang2057\langfe1053\langnp2057\insrsid11492781\charrsid11492781 Am J Physiol}{
\lang2057\langfe1053\langnp2057\insrsid11492781  275:E594-601, 1998
\par 16. Weisberg SP, McCann D, Desai M, Rosenbaum M, Leibel RL, Ferrante AW, Jr.: Obesity is associated with macrophage accumulation in adipose tissue. }{\i\lang2057\langfe1053\langnp2057\insrsid11492781\charrsid11492781 J Clin Invest}{
\lang2057\langfe1053\langnp2057\insrsid11492781  112:1796-1808, 2003
\par 17. Xu H, Barnes GT, Yang Q, Tan G, Yang D, Chou CJ, Sole J, Nichols A, Ross JS, Tartaglia LA, Chen H: Chronic inflammation in fat plays a crucial role in the development of obesity-related insulin resistance. }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1053\langnp2057\insrsid11492781\charrsid11492781 J Clin Invest}{\lang2057\langfe1053\langnp2057\insrsid11492781  112:1821-1830, 2003
\par 18. Jansson L, Hellerstr\'f6m C: Stimulation by glucose of the blood flow to the pancreatic islets of the rat. }{\i\lang2057\langfe1053\langnp2057\insrsid11492781\charrsid11492781 Diabetologia}{\lang2057\langfe1053\langnp2057\insrsid11492781 
 25:45-50, 1983
\par 19. Carlsson PO, K\'e4llskog \'d6, Bodin B, Andersson A, Jansson L: Multiple injections of coloured microspheres for islet blood flow measurements in anaesthetised rats: influence of microsphere size. }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1053\langnp2057\insrsid11492781\charrsid11492781 Ups J Med Sci}{\lang2057\langfe1053\langnp2057\insrsid11492781  107:111-120, 2002
\par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11492781 }}\pard\plain \ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11492781 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1053\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1053 {\lang2057\langfe1053\langnp2057\insrsid11492781\charrsid2099418 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15623739 {\lang2057\langfe1053\langnp2057\insrsid11492781 \sect }\sectd 
\lndscpsxn\pgwsxn16838\pghsxn11906\linex0\headery709\footery709\colsx708\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid15623739\sftnbj \pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15623739 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1053\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1053 {\b\lang2057\langfe1053\langnp2057\insrsid15623739\charrsid4479416 TABLE }{\b\lang2057\langfe1053\langnp2057\insrsid15623739 1}{\b\lang2057\langfe1053\langnp2057\insrsid15623739\charrsid4479416 

\par }{\lang2057\langfe1053\langnp2057\insrsid15623739 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\brdrb\brdrs\brdrw30\brsp20 \aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15623739 {\lang2057\langfe1053\langnp2057\insrsid15623739 All measurements were performed with 10 \'b5
m microspheres in thiobutabarbital-anaesthetized rats aged 3-4 months.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15623739 {\lang2057\langfe1053\langnp2057\insrsid15623739 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15623739 {\lang2057\langfe1053\langnp2057\insrsid15623739\charrsid4479416 Strain of animals}{\fs20\lang2057\langfe1053\langnp2057\insrsid15623739\charrsid219864 \tab 
\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1053\langnp2057\insrsid15623739\charrsid4479416 Wistar-Furth}{\fs20\lang2057\langfe1053\langnp2057\insrsid15623739 \tab }{\fs20\lang2057\langfe1053\langnp2057\insrsid15623739\charrsid219864 \tab }{
\lang2057\langfe1053\langnp2057\insrsid15623739\charrsid4479416 GK}{\fs20\lang2057\langfe1053\langnp2057\insrsid15623739\charrsid219864 \tab \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1053\langnp2057\insrsid15623739\charrsid4479416 Lean Zucker}{
\fs20\lang2057\langfe1053\langnp2057\insrsid15623739\charrsid219864 \tab \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1053\langnp2057\insrsid15623739\charrsid4479416 Obese Zucker}{\fs20\lang2057\langfe1053\langnp2057\insrsid15623739\charrsid219864 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1053\langnp2057\insrsid15623739\charrsid4479416 No of experiments}{\fs20\lang2057\langfe1053\langnp2057\insrsid15623739\charrsid219864 \tab  \tab        }{\lang2057\langfe1053\langnp2057\insrsid15623739\charrsid4479416 8}{
\fs20\lang2057\langfe1053\langnp2057\insrsid15623739\charrsid219864 \tab \tab }{\fs20\lang2057\langfe1053\langnp2057\insrsid15623739  }{\fs20\lang2057\langfe1053\langnp2057\insrsid15623739\charrsid219864  }{\lang2057\langfe1053\langnp2057\insrsid15623739 
7}{\fs20\lang2057\langfe1053\langnp2057\insrsid15623739\charrsid219864 \tab \tab          }{\lang2057\langfe1053\langnp2057\insrsid15623739 8}{\fs20\lang2057\langfe1053\langnp2057\insrsid15623739\charrsid219864 \tab \tab          }{
\lang2057\langfe1053\langnp2057\insrsid15623739 8}{\fs20\lang2057\langfe1053\langnp2057\insrsid15623739\charrsid219864 
\par ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________}{\fs20\lang2057\langfe1053\langnp2057\insrsid15623739 ______________________ 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1053\langnp2057\insrsid15623739 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1053\langnp2057\insrsid15623739\charrsid1273808 Pancreatic blood flow
\par (ml/min  x g)\tab \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1053\langnp2057\insrsid15623739 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1053\langnp2057\insrsid15623739\charrsid1273808 0.67 \'b1 0.06\tab \tab 1.04 \'b1 0.08}{\lang2057\langfe1053\langnp2057\insrsid15623739 **}{
\lang2057\langfe1053\langnp2057\insrsid15623739\charrsid1273808 \tab 0.76 \'b1 0.07\tab \tab 0.92 \'b1 0.17\tab }{\fs20\lang2057\langfe1053\langnp2057\insrsid15623739\charrsid3491383 \tab \tab 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1053\langnp2057\insrsid15623739\charrsid1273808 Islet blood flow
\par (\'b5l/min x g pancreas)\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1053\langnp2057\insrsid15623739 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1053\langnp2057\insrsid15623739\charrsid1273808 64.2 \'b1 4.2\tab \tab 115.2 \'b1 6.8}{\lang2057\langfe1053\langnp2057\insrsid15623739 ***}{
\lang2057\langfe1053\langnp2057\insrsid15623739\charrsid1273808 \tab 79.0 \'b1 10.2\tab \tab 388.0 \'b1 74.0***\tab 
\par }{\lang1053\langfe1053\langnp1053\insrsid15623739\charrsid4931207 Islet blood flow
\par }{\lang1053\langfe1053\langnp1053\insrsid15623739\charrsid1273808 (\'b5l/min x mg islets)\tab \tab 5.92 \'b1 0.64\tab \tab 12.54 \'b1 1.29}{\lang1053\langfe1053\langnp1053\insrsid15623739 ***}{
\lang1053\langfe1053\langnp1053\insrsid15623739\charrsid1273808 \tab 8.17 \'b1 0.79\tab \tab 14.80 \'b1 2.50}{\lang1053\langfe1053\langnp1053\insrsid15623739 *}{\lang1053\langfe1053\langnp1053\insrsid15623739\charrsid1273808 \tab }{
\fs20\lang1053\langfe1053\langnp1053\insrsid15623739\charrsid1273808 \tab 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1053\langnp2057\insrsid15623739\charrsid1273808 Islet blood flow (% of
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\brdrb\brdrs\brdrw30\brsp20 \aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15623739 {\lang2057\langfe1053\langnp2057\insrsid15623739\charrsid1273808 pancreatic blood flow)\tab }{
\lang2057\langfe1053\langnp2057\insrsid15623739 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1053\langnp2057\insrsid15623739\charrsid1273808 9.9 \'b1 0.6\tab \tab 11.5 \'b1 1.03\tab \tab 10.2 \'b1 0.7\tab \tab 44.0 \'b1 3.3***\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab }{
\lang2057\langfe1053\super\langnp2057\insrsid15623739\charrsid1273808 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15623739 {\lang2057\langfe1053\langnp2057\insrsid15623739\charrsid1273808 Values are means \'b1 SEM. }{\lang2057\langfe1053\langnp2057\insrsid15623739 
* denotes P<0.05, ** P<0.01 and *** P<0.001 when compared to corresponding control rats.}{\lang2057\langfe1053\langnp2057\insrsid15623739\charrsid1273808 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\lang2057\langfe1053\langnp2057\insrsid11492781 
\par 
\par }}