PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Krogvold, Lars AU - Edwin, Bjørn AU - Buanes, Trond AU - Frisk, Gun AU - Skog, Oskar AU - Anagandula, Mahesh AU - Korsgren, Olle AU - Undlien, Dag AU - Eike, MortenC AU - Richardson, Sarah J AU - Leete, Pia AU - Morgan, Noel G AU - Oikarinen, Sami AU - Oikarinen, Maarit AU - Laiho, Jutta E AU - Hyöty, Heikki AU - Ludvigsson, Johnny AU - Hanssen, Kristian F AU - Dahl-Jørgensen, Knut TI - Detection of a low-grade enteroviral infection in the islets of Langerhans of living patients newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes AID - 10.2337/db14-1370 DP - 2014 Nov 22 TA - Diabetes PG - DB_141370 4099 - http://diabetes.diabetesjournals.org/content/early/2014/11/20/db14-1370.short 4100 - http://diabetes.diabetesjournals.org/content/early/2014/11/20/db14-1370.full AB - The Diabetes Virus Detection study (DiViD) is the first to examine fresh pancreatic tissue at the diagnosis of type 1 diabetes for the presence of viruses. Minimal pancreatic tail resection was performed 3-9 weeks after onset of type 1 diabetes in 6 adult patients (age 24-35 years). The presence of enteroviral capsid protein 1 (VP1) and the expression of class I HLA were investigated by immunohistochemistry. Enterovirus RNA was analyzed from isolated pancreatic islets and from fresh frozen whole pancreatic tissue using PCR and sequencing. Non-diabetic organ donors served as controls. VP1 was detected in the islets of all type 1 diabetes patients (2 of 9 controls). Hyperexpression of class I HLA molecules was found in the islets of all patients (1 of 9 controls). Enterovirus specific RNA sequences were detected in 4 of 6 cases (0 of 6 controls). The results were confirmed in different laboratories. Only 1.7 % of the islets contained VP1 positive cells and the amount of enterovirus RNA was low. The results provides evidence for the presence of enterovirus in pancreatic islets of type 1 diabetic patients, being consistent with the possibility that a low grade enteroviral infection in the pancreatic islets contribute to disease progression in humans.