PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Krogvold, Lars
AU  - Edwin, Bjørn
AU  - Buanes, Trond
AU  - Frisk, Gun
AU  - Skog, Oskar
AU  - Anagandula, Mahesh
AU  - Korsgren, Olle
AU  - Undlien, Dag
AU  - Eike, MortenC
AU  - Richardson, Sarah J
AU  - Leete, Pia
AU  - Morgan, Noel G
AU  - Oikarinen, Sami
AU  - Oikarinen, Maarit
AU  - Laiho, Jutta E
AU  - Hyöty, Heikki
AU  - Ludvigsson, Johnny
AU  - Hanssen, Kristian F
AU  - Dahl-Jørgensen, Knut
TI  - Detection of a low-grade enteroviral infection in the islets of Langerhans of living patients newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes
AID  - 10.2337/db14-1370
DP  - 2014 Nov 22
TA  - Diabetes
PG  - DB_141370
4099  - http://diabetes.diabetesjournals.org/content/early/2014/11/20/db14-1370.short
4100  - http://diabetes.diabetesjournals.org/content/early/2014/11/20/db14-1370.full
AB  - The Diabetes Virus Detection study (DiViD) is the first to examine fresh pancreatic tissue at the diagnosis of type 1 diabetes for the presence of viruses. Minimal pancreatic tail resection was performed 3-9 weeks after onset of type 1 diabetes in 6 adult patients (age 24-35 years). The presence of enteroviral capsid protein 1 (VP1) and the expression of class I HLA were investigated by immunohistochemistry. Enterovirus RNA was analyzed from isolated pancreatic islets and from fresh frozen whole pancreatic tissue using PCR and sequencing. Non-diabetic organ donors served as controls. VP1 was detected in the islets of all type 1 diabetes patients (2 of 9 controls). Hyperexpression of class I HLA molecules was found in the islets of all patients (1 of 9 controls). Enterovirus specific RNA sequences were detected in 4 of 6 cases (0 of 6 controls). The results were confirmed in different laboratories. Only 1.7 % of the islets contained VP1 positive cells and the amount of enterovirus RNA was low. The results provides evidence for the presence of enterovirus in pancreatic islets of type 1 diabetic patients, being consistent with the possibility that a low grade enteroviral infection in the pancreatic islets contribute to disease progression in humans.