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Original Articles

Influence of Dietary Fat Composition on Development of Insulin Resistance in Rats: Relationship to Muscle Triglyceride and ω-3 Fatty Acids in Muscle Phospholipid

  1. Leonard H Storlien,
  2. Arthur B Jenkins,
  3. Donald J Chisholm,
  4. Wendy S Pascoe,
  5. Sue Khouri and
  6. Edward W Kraegen
  1. Garvan Institute of Medical Research, St. Vincent's Hospital Darling-hurst, New South Wales, Australia
  1. Address correspondence and reprint requests to Dr. L.H. Storlien, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, St. Vincent's Hospital, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia.
Diabetes 1991 Feb; 40(2): 280-289. https://doi.org/10.2337/diab.40.2.280
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Abstract

High levels of some but not all dietary fats lead to insulin resistance in rats. The aim of this study was to investigate the important determinants underlying this observation. Insulin action was assessed with the euglycemic clamp. Diets high in saturated, monounsaturated (ω-9), or polyunsaturated (ω-6) fatty acids led to severe insulin resistance; glucose infusion rates [GIR] to maintain euglycemia at ∼1000 pM insulin were 6.2 ± 0.9, 8.9 ± 0.9, and 9.7 ± 0.4 mg · kg−1 · min−1, respectively, versus 16.1 ± 1.0 mg · kg−1 · min−1 in chow-fed controls. Substituting 11% of fatty acids in the polyunsaturated fat diet with long-chain ω-3 fatty acids from fish oils normalized insulin action (GIR 15.0 ± 1.3 mg · kg−1 · min−1). Similar replacement with short-chain ω-3 (α-linolenic acid, 18:3ω3) was ineffective in the polyunsaturated diet (GIR 9.9 ± 0.5 mg · kg−1 · min−1) but completely prevented the insulin resistance induced by a saturated-fat diet (GIR 16.0 ± 1.5 mg · kg−1 · min−1) and did so in both the liver and peripheral tissues. Insulin sensitivity in skeletal muscle was inversely correlated with mean muscle triglyceride accumulation (r = 0.95 and 0.86 for soleus and red quadriceps, respectively; both P = 0.01). Furthermore, percentage of long-chain ω-3 fatty acid in phospholipid measured in red quadriceps correlated highly with insulin action in that muscle (r = 0.97). We conclude that 1) the particular fatty acids and the lipid environment in which they are presented in high-fat diets determine insulin sensitivity in rats; 2) impaired insulin action in skeletal muscle relates to triglyceride accumulation, suggesting intracellular glucose–fatty acid cycle involvement; and 3) long-chain ω-3 fatty acids in phospholipid of skeletal muscle may be important for efficient insulin action.

  • Received February 19, 1990.
  • Revision received October 9, 1990.
  • Accepted October 9, 1990.
  • Copyright © 1991 by the American Diabetes Association

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February 1991, 40(2)
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Influence of Dietary Fat Composition on Development of Insulin Resistance in Rats: Relationship to Muscle Triglyceride and ω-3 Fatty Acids in Muscle Phospholipid
Leonard H Storlien, Arthur B Jenkins, Donald J Chisholm, Wendy S Pascoe, Sue Khouri, Edward W Kraegen
Diabetes Feb 1991, 40 (2) 280-289; DOI: 10.2337/diab.40.2.280

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Influence of Dietary Fat Composition on Development of Insulin Resistance in Rats: Relationship to Muscle Triglyceride and ω-3 Fatty Acids in Muscle Phospholipid
Leonard H Storlien, Arthur B Jenkins, Donald J Chisholm, Wendy S Pascoe, Sue Khouri, Edward W Kraegen
Diabetes Feb 1991, 40 (2) 280-289; DOI: 10.2337/diab.40.2.280
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